Eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, kube nokwanda okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kukagesi wembulunga yonke, ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwa kwamahora angama-25,300 ngonyaka ka-2021 Lezi zinombolo ziyanda unyaka nonyaka, zingafaki izidingo zamandla zemikhakha yezimboni nezinye zezomnotho. Le shift yezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kuhambisana nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ebonakalayo ngenxa yokuphuma ngokweqile kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Njengamanje, iningi lezitshalo zokukhulisa amandla nezindawo ezincike kakhulu emithonjeni yamafutha e-fossil (uwoyela negesi) ukufeza izimfuno ezinjalo. Lokhu kukhathazeka kwesimo sezulu kwenqabela ukuvela kwamandla okwengeziwe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzayo nezinokwethenjelwa sekubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa amandla aqhubekayo nawokwethembeka emithonjeni evuselelekayo.

Umkhakha wamandla uphendule ngokuguqula amandla avuselelekayo noma izixazululo "eziluhlaza". Ushintsho lusizwa ngokuthuthuka kwamasu okukhiqiza, okuholela esibonelweni ekukhiqizweni okusebenzayo kwama-turbine ama-turbine. Futhi, abacwaningi bakwazile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli we-Photovoltaic, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla okungcono endaweni ngayinye yokusebenzisa. Ngo-2021, isizukulwane sikagesi kusuka emithonjeni ye-solar Photovoltaic (PV) yanda kakhulu, ifinyelela irekhodi 179 ama-209 futhi limele ukukhula kuka-22% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-3.6% wesithathu ngobukhulu bomhlaba wonke Umthombo wamandla ngemuva kwe-hydropower nomoya.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto eziqhumayo azixazululi ezinye zezingqinamba zemvelo zamandla wamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi ukutholakala. Iningi lalezi zindlela alikhiqizi amandla okufunwa njengezitshalo zamalahle namafutha. Imiphumela ye-solar Energy iyisibonelo esikhona usuku lonke ngokuhlukahluka ngokuya ngama-engela we-sun irradiation angles ne-PV Panel Positing. Akunakukhiqiza amandla ebusuku ngenkathi umphumela wayo wehliswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sobusika nasezinsukwini ezinamafu kakhulu. Amandla omoya ahlushwa ukuguquguquka ngokuya ngesivinini somoya. Ngakho-ke, lezi zixazululo zidinga ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ukuze zisekele ukunikezwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhipha okuphansi.

Yini izinhlelo zokugcina amandla?

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zingagcina amandla ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwezinye izimo, kuzoba nendlela yokuguqulwa kwamandla phakathi kwamandla agciniwe futhi inikeze amandla. Isibonelo esivame kakhulu amabhethri kagesi afana namabhethri e-lithium-ion noma amabhethri e-lead-acid. Banikeza amandla kagesi ngendlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-electrodes kanye ne-electrolyte.

Amabhethri, noma i-Bess (uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwebhethri), amelela indlela evame ukugcinwa kwamandla esetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zempilo yansuku zonke. Olunye uhlelo lokulondolozwa lukhona njengezitshalo ze-hydropower eziguqula amandla angaba khona wamanzi agcinwe edamini abe amandla kagesi. Amanzi awela phansi azocisha i-flywheel ye-turbine ekhiqiza amandla kagesi. Esinye isibonelo sicindezelwe igesi, lapho udedelwa igesi izoshintsha isondo lamandla okukhiqiza i-turbine.

Okuhlukanisa amabhethri kwezinye izindlela zokugcina yizindawo zabo ezingaba khona. Ukusuka kumadivayisi amancane kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamandla ezimotweni ezisetshenziselwa amakhaya namapulazi amakhulu elanga, amabhethri angahlanganiswa ngaphandle komthungo kunoma yisiphi isicelo sokulondolozwa kwe-Off-Grid. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hydropower nezindlela zomoya ezicindezelwe zidinga ingqalasizinda enkulu kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yokugcina. Lokhu kuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezidinga izinhlelo ezinkulu kakhulu ukuze zilungiswe.

Sebenzisa amacala ezinhlelweni zokugcina ze-offf-grid.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinhlelo zokugcina ze-off-grid zingasiza ukusetshenziswa nokuthembela ezindleleni zamandla avuselelekayo ezinjengamandla elanga nangomoya. Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingazuza kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo

Amagridi Amandla wedolobha ahlose ukuhlinzeka ngenani elifanele lamandla asuselwa ekuhlinzekeni nasekufunweni kwedolobha ngalinye. Amandla adingekayo angashintshana usuku lonke. Izinhlelo zokugcina ze-off-grid zisetshenziselwe ukuguquguquka kokushintshashintsha futhi zinikeze ukuqina okwengeziwe ezimweni ezifunwayo. Ngokombono ohlukile, izinhlelo zokugcina ezingekho-grid zingazuzisa kakhulu ukunxephezela kunoma yiliphi iphutha lezobuchwepheshe elingalindelekile kugridi yamandla amakhulu noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa esinqunyelwe. Bangahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ngaphandle kokufuna eminye imithombo yamandla. Umuntu angasho ngokwesibonelo iTexas Ice Storm ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2023 eyashiya cishe abantu abangama-2622 000 ngaphandle kwamandla, ngenkathi ukulungiswa kubambezelekile ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima.

Izimoto zikagesi ngolunye uhlelo lokusebenza. Abaphenyi bathulule umzamo omkhulu wokwandisa ukukhiqiza ibhethri nokushaja / ukuhambisa amasu ukuze i-LifeSpan kanye nobuningi bamandla amabhethri. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion abephambili wale Revolution Encane futhi asetshenziswe kakhulu ezimotweni ezintsha zikagesi kodwa futhi namabhasi kagesi. Amabhethri angcono kuleli cala angaholela emunyeni omkhulu kepha anciphise nezikhathi zokushaja ngobuchwepheshe obufanele.

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe okuthandwa kwe-UAVS namarobhothi weselula azuze kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwebhethri. Kukhona amasu wokunyakaza kanye namasu okulawula athembele kakhulu kumthamo webhethri namandla anikezwe.

Yini i-Bess

I-Bess noma i-Battery Energy Storage System uhlelo lokugcina amandla olungasetshenziswa ukugcina amandla. La mandla angaqhamuka kwigridi enkulu noma emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo efana namandla omoya namandla elanga. Ihlanganiswe namabhethri amaningi ahlelwe ngokucushwa okuhlukile (uchungechunge / ukufana) kanye nosayizi osuselwa ezifundweni. Baxhumeke kwi-inverter esetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla we-DC ukuze asebenzise amandla. Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwebhethri (i-BMS) lusetshenziselwa ukuqapha izimo zebhethri nokushaja / ukusebenza kwe-discrang.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, zivumelana nezimo ikakhulukazi ukubeka / ukuxhuma futhi azidingi ingqalasizinda ebiza kakhulu, kepha zisafika ngezindleko eziningi futhi zidinga ukulungiswa okujwayelekile okusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni.

Ukugcwala kwe-bess kanye nemikhuba yokusebenzisa

Iphuzu elibalulekile lokubhekana lapho ufaka uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwamandla ebhethri luyakha. Mangaki amabhethri adingekayo? Kukuziphi ukuhlela? Kwezinye izimo, uhlobo lwebhethri lungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni kwesikhathi ngokuya ngokonga izindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle

Lokhu kwenziwa ngesisekelo se-Chear-by-by-by-by-by-by-by kungasukela emizini emincane kuya ezitshalweni ezinkulu zezimboni.

Umthombo wamandla ojwayelekile ovuselelekayo wamakhaya amancane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ama-solar usebenzisa amaphaneli we-photovoltaic. Unjiniyela ngokujwayelekile angabheka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphakathi kwendlu futhi athekele i-solariance i-soladoance yonozungezayo kulo nyaka ukuthola indawo ethile. Inani lamabhethri nokucushwa kwawo kwegridi kukhethwa ukufanisa izimfuno zasendlini ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kwamandla elanga ophansi kakhulu konyaka ngenkathi kungagcini ngokuphelele amabhethri. Lokhu kucatshangelwa isixazululo sokuba nokuzimela kwamandla okuphelele kusuka kugridi eyinhloko.

Ukugcina isimo esilinganiselwe sokukhokhisa noma ukungahambi ngokuphelele amabhethri yinto engaba yinto ebonakalayo ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kungani usebenzisa uhlelo lokulondolozwa uma singakwazi ukukhipha amandla aphelele? Emcabangweni kungenzeka, kepha kungenzeka kungabi isu elikhulisa ukubuyiselwa kwemali.

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ze-BESS izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zamabhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha umkhuba wokusebenzisa noma ukushaja / isu lokukhipha imali ekhulisa isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri kubalulekile. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-acid aholayo awakwazi ukukhishwa ngaphansi kwamandla angu-50% ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okulimazayo. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion anobunzima obuphakeme wamandla, impilo ende yokujikeleza. Bangaphinde bakhishwe kusetshenziswa amabanga amakhulu, kepha lokhu kuza ngezindleko zentengo eyengeziwe. Kunokuhlukahluka okuphezulu kwezindleko phakathi kwama-marmeries ahlukene, amabhethri aholayo acid angaba ngamakhulu ezinkulungwaneni zamaRandi ashibhile kunebhethri le-lithium-ion elilinganayo. Kungaleso sizathu-ke amabhethri e-Horing Acid asetshenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zelanga emazweni asemhlabeni wonke ama-3 kanye nemiphakathi empofu.

Ukusebenza kwebhethri kuthinteka kakhulu ukonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwaso, akunakho ukusebenza okuqinile okuphela ngokwehluleka okungazelelwe. Esikhundleni salokho, amandla futhi ahlinzekwe angaphela ngokuqhubekayo. Ekusebenzeni, isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri kubhekwa ukuthi siphelile lapho umthamo wawo ufinyelela ama-80% omthamo wawo wokuqala. Ngamanye amagama, lapho kuhlangenwe ngamanani angama-20%. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi inani eliphansi lamandla linganikezwa. Lokhu kungathinta izikhathi zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezizimele ngokuphelele kanye nenani lemayela i-EV elingase limboze.

Elinye iphuzu okufanele licatshangelwe ukuphepha. Ngentuthuko ekwakheni kanye nobuchwepheshe, amabhethri wakamuva anayo ngokujwayelekile ayezinzile ngamakhemikhali ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke ngenxa yokonakaliswa kanye nokuhlukumeza umlando, amaseli angangena ekubalekeni okushisayo okungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele futhi kwezinye izikhathi abeka impilo yabathengi engcupheni.

Kungakho izinkampani zithuthukise isoftware engcono yokuqapha ibhethri (i-BMS) ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri kepha futhi nokuqapha isimo sempilo ukuze kunikezwe ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi futhi kugweme imiphumela eyenziwe ngcono.

Ukugcina

Kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zegridi zinikeza ithuba elihle lokuthola amandla ama-Power kusuka kugridi enkulu kodwa futhi linikeze umthombo wokusekelayo wamandla ngesikhathi sezikhathi eziphansi. Lapho lapho ukuthuthukiswa kuzokwenza ukuthi kuguqulwe emithonjeni yamandla e-green, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise umthelela wokuqina kwamandla ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngenkathi kuqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ngokukhula njalo.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zebhethri zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi okulula ukumisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zansuku zonke. Ukuguquguquka kwazo okuphezulu kuhlaselwa ngezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okuqapha ukwandisa isikhathi esifanele sokuphila ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengamanje, imboni kanye ne-academia ithulula umzamo omkhulu wokuphenya nokuqonda ukonakala kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.