Ukuqonda Izinqumo Zebhethri Yenqola Yegalofu Ukuphila Konke

Impilo yebhethri yenqola yegalofu

Izinqola zegalofu zibalulekile ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kwegalofu. Baphinde bathole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezindaweni ezinkulu ezinjengamapaki noma amakhampasi eNyuvesi. Ingxenye ebalulekile ebenze bakhanga kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri namandla kagesi. Lokhu kuvumela izinqola zegalofu ukuthi zisebenze ngokungcoliswa komsindo okuncane nokukhishelwa ngaphandle komsindo. Amabhethri anesikhathi esithile sokuphila futhi, uma eqiwe, aphumela ekwehleni kokusebenza komshini kanye nokwanda kwamandla okuvuza nezindaba zokuphepha ezifana nokubaleka okushisayo nokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi nabathengi bakhathazekile ngokuthi isikhathi esingakanani aibhethri yenqola yegalofuingahlala isikhathi eside ukuze igweme izinhlekelele futhi isebenzise ukunakekelwa okufanele lapho kudingeka.

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngeshwa ayiyona into encane futhi incike ezintweni eziningi, enye yazo okuyikhemikhali yebhethri. Ngokuvamile, ibhethri yenqola yegalofu ene-asidi eholayo kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale phakathi kweminyaka engu-2-5 ngokwesilinganiso ezinqoleni zegalofu ezisetshenziswa esidlangalaleni kanye neminyaka engu-6-10 kwezangasese. Ukuphila isikhathi eside, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion okulindeleke ukuthi athathe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 futhi afinyelele cishe iminyaka engama-20 ezimotweni eziphethwe ngasese. Lobu bubanzi buthintwa ama-ejenti amaningi nezimo, okwenza ukuhlaziya kube nzima kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena sijule ezicini ezivame kakhulu nezinomthelela kumongo wamabhethri enqola yegalofu, kuyilapho sinikeza izincomo lapho kungenzeka.

Ikhemikhali yebhethri

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukukhetha kwekhemistri yebhethri kunquma ngokuqondile ibanga lempilo elilindelekile lebhethri lenqola yegalofu elisetshenzisiwe.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid adume kakhulu, uma kubhekwa amanani awo aphansi kanye nokuwanakekela kalula. Kodwa-ke, ziphinde zinikeze isikhathi esincane sokuphila esilindelwe, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-2-5 ezinqoleni zegalofu ezisetshenziswa esidlangalaleni. Lawa mabhethri nawo asindayo ngosayizi futhi awalungele izimoto ezincane ezinezidingo zamandla aphezulu. Umuntu futhi kufanele aqaphe ukujula kokukhipha noma umthamo otholakala kulawa mabhethri, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuwasebenzisa ngaphansi kuka-40% womthamo ogciniwe ukuze ugweme ukulimala okungapheli kwe-electrode.

Amabhethri enqola yegalofu eyi-lead-acid ahlongozwayo njengesixazululo sokushiyeka kwamabhethri enqola yegalofu enomthofu. Kulokhu, i-electrolyte iyijeli esikhundleni soketshezi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nethuba lokuvuza. Idinga ukunakekelwa okuncane futhi ingasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ikakhulukazi amazinga okushisa abandayo, aziwa ngokunyusa ukuwohloka kwebhethri futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ehlise ubude bempilo.

Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium-ion abiza kakhulu kodwa anikeza isikhathi esikhulu sokuphila. Ngokuvamile, ungalindela aibhethri yenqola yegalofu ye-lithium-ionukuhlala noma yikuphi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20 kuye ngemikhuba yokusetshenziswa nezici zangaphandle. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kwehlela ekubunjweni kwe-electrode kanye ne-electrolyte esetshenzisiwe, okwenza ibhethri lisebenze kakhudlwana futhi liqine ngokwengeziwe ekonakaleni esimweni sezidingo zomthwalo omkhulu, izidingo zokushaja okusheshayo, nemijikelezo yokusetshenziswa okude.

Izimo zokusebenza okufanele zicatshangelwe

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ikhemistri yebhethri akuyona ukuphela kwesici esinqumayo sobude besikhathi sebhethri yenqola yegalofu. Eqinisweni, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwekhemikhali yebhethri nezimo eziningi zokusebenza. Ngezansi kunohlu lwezinto ezinomthelela omkhulu nokuthi zisebenzisana kanjani nekhemikhali yebhethri.

. Ukushaja ngokweqile kanye nokushajwa ngokweqile: Ukushaja noma ukushajwa kwebhethri ngaphezu kwesimo esithile sokushajwa kungalimaza unomphela ama-electrode. Ukushajwa ngokweqile kungenzeka uma ibhethri yenqola yegalofu ishiywe yinde kakhulu ekushajweni. Lokhu akukona ukukhathazeka okukhulu esimweni samabhethri e-lithium-ion, lapho i-BMS ijwayele ukulungiselelwa ukunqamula ukushaja nokuvikela ezimeni ezinjalo. Ukukhipha ngokweqile, nokho, akulula ukuphatha. Inqubo yokukhipha incike emikhubeni yokusebenzisa inqola yegalofu namathrekhi asetshenzisiwe. Ukukhawulela ukujula kokukhishwa kungakhawulela ngokuqondile amabanga inqola yegalofu engawakha phakathi kwemijikelezo yokushaja. Kulokhu, amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium-ion abambe iqhaza elikhulu njengoba ekwazi ukumelana namabhayisikili akhipha amanzi ajulile anomthelela omncane wokuwohloka uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.

. Ukushaja okusheshayo kanye nezidingo zamandla aphezulu: Ukushaja okusheshayo kanye nezimfuno zamandla aphezulu kuyizinqubo eziphikisanayo zokushaja nokushajwa kodwa zihlushwa yinkinga efanayo eyisisekelo. Ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje kuma-electrode kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Futhi, amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium-ion afaneleka kangcono ukushaja okusheshayo kanye nezimfuneko zokulayisha amandla aphezulu. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa nokusebenza, amandla aphezulu angafinyelela ukusheshisa okuphezulu enqoleni yegalofu kanye nesivinini sokusebenza esiphezulu. Lapha yilapho umjikelezo wokushayela wekalishi legalofu ungathinta ubude bempilo yebhethri ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa. Ngamanye amazwi, amabhethri enqola yegalofu asetshenziswa ngesivinini esiphansi enkundleni yegalofu azodlula amabhethri ekalishi yegalofu yesibili asetshenziswa ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu enkundleni efanayo.

. Izimo zemvelo: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu ayaziwa ukuthi athinta ubude bebhethri. Noma ngabe ipakwe elangeni noma isetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa acishe abe yiqhwa, umphumela uhlala uyingozi kumabhethri enqola yegalofu. Ezinye izixazululo ziye zahlongozwa ukuze kuncishiswe lo mthelela. Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-Gel Lead-Acid ayisixazululo esisodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Enye i-BMS futhi yethula imijikelezo yokushaja ephansi yamabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuze ashise ngaphambi kokushaja okuphezulu kwe-C-rate ukukhawulela i-lithium plating.

Lezi zici kufanele zicatshangelwe uma kuthengwa ibhethri yenqola yegalofu. Ngokwesibonelo, iIbhethri ye-S38105 LiFePO4 evela ku-ROYPOWkubikwa ukuthi ihlala iminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokufinyelela ekupheleni kwempilo. Leli inani elimaphakathi elisuselwe ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri. Ngokuya ngemikhuba yokusetshenziswa nokuthi umsebenzisi uligcina kanjani ibhethri lenqola yegalofu, imijikelezo elindelekile noma iminyaka yesevisi ingehla noma yenyuke ibe ngaphezu kwenani elijwayelekile elibikwe kudatha yebhethri yenqola yegalofu.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, ubude bempilo yebhethri yenqola yegalofu buzohluka kuye ngemikhuba yokusetshenziswa, izimo zokusebenza, kanye nekhemistri yebhethri. Uma kubhekwa okubili kokuqala kunzima ukulinganisa nokulinganisa kusengaphambili, umuntu angathembela esilinganisweni sezilinganiso ezisuselwe kukhemistri yebhethri. Maqondana nalokho, amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium-ion anikeza ukuphila okude kodwa izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esiphansi sokuphila nezindleko ezishibhile zamabhethri e-lead-acid.