Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amabhethri enqola yegalofu

Cabanga ngokuthola imbobo yakho yokuqala, uthole ukuthi kufanele uthwale amakilabhu akho egalofu uwayise emgodini olandelayo ngoba amabhethri enqola yegalofu afile. Lokho kungasidambisa ngempela isimo. Ezinye izinqola zegalofu zifakwe injini encane kaphethiloli kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa izinjini zikagesi. Lezi zakamuva zinobungani bemvelo, kulula ukuzinakekela, futhi zithule. Yingakho sekusetshenziswe izinqola zegalofu emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni ezinkulu, hhayi enkundleni yegalofu kuphela.

Isici esibalulekile ibhethri elisetshenziswa njengoba lisho ukumamatheka kwenqola yegalofu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Ibhethri ngalinye linobude bempilo obuthile kuye ngohlobo lwekhemistri ne-confguraton esetshenzisiwe.Umthengi angathanda ngokufanelekile ukuba neminyaka yokuphila ephezulu kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ngenani eliphansi kakhulu lokunakekela elidingekayo. Yebo, lokhu bekungeke kufike kushibhile, futhi ukuyekethisa kuyadingeka.Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusebenzisa ibhethri kwesikhathi esifushane kanye nesikhathi eside.

Ukuthi ibhethri lizohlala lingakanani ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kuhunyushwa ukuthi inqola yegalofu ingakwazi ukumboza amamayela amangaki ngaphambi kokushajwa kabusha ibhethri. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa ukuthi mingaki imijikelezo yokushaja ibhethri engasekela ngaphambi kokwehliswa nokuhluleka. Ukulinganisa kamuva, isistimu kagesi kanye nohlobo lwamabhethri asetshenzisiwe kudingeka kucatshangelwe.

Uhlelo lukagesi lwenqola yegalofu

Ukuze wazi ukuthi amabhethri enqola yegalofu ahlala isikhathi esingakanani, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlelo lukagesi ibhethri eliyingxenye yalo. Isistimu kagesi yakhiwe injini kagesi futhi ixhunywe kuphakethe lebhethri elenziwe ngamaseli ebhethri ngokulungiselelwa okuhlukile. Amamotho kagesi ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa izinqola zegalofu akalwe ku-36 volts noma 48 volts.

Ngokuvamile, amamotho amaningi kagesi angadonsa noma yikuphi phakathi kwama-amps angama-50-70 lapho egijima ngesivinini esingamamayela angu-15 ngehora. Lokhu kodwa ukuhlawumbisela okukhulu njengoba ziningi izinto ezingaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni komthwalo wenjini. Uhlobo lwendawo namathayi asetshenziswayo, ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto, nesisindo esithwalwa konke kungathinta umthwalo osetshenziswa injini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokulayisha ziyakhuphuka lapho injini iqala futhi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Zonke lezi zici zenza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla enjini kungabi yinto encane. Kungakho ezikhathini eziningi, iphakethe lebhethri elisetshenziswayo likhulu kakhulu (isici sokuphepha) cishe ngo-20% ukuqapha izimo ezidingeka kakhulu.

Lezi zidingo zithinta ukukhethwa kohlobo lwebhethri. Ibhethri kufanele libe nesilinganiso somthamo esanele ukunikeza imayela elikhulu kumsebenzisi. Kufanele futhi ikwazi ukumelana nokwanda okungazelelwe kokufunwa kwamandla. Izici ezengeziwe ezifunwayo zifaka isisindo esiphansi samaphakethe ebhethri, ikhono lokushaja ngokushesha, kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa okuphansi.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokuzumayo kwemithwalo ephezulu kufinyeza isikhathi sokuphila samabhethri kungakhathalekile ukuthi amakhemistri. Ngamanye amazwi, uma umjikelezo wokushayela ushintshashintsha, ibhethri lizohlala lifushane.

Izinhlobo zebhethri

Ngokungeziwe kumjikelezo wokushayela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenjini, uhlobo lwekhemikhali yebhethri izosho ukuthi isikhathi esingakananiibhethri yenqola yegalofuizohlala. Kunamabhethri amaningi atholakalayo emakethe angasetshenziswa ukuqhuba izinqola zegalofu. Amaphekhi avamile anamabhethri akalwe ku-6V, 8V, kanye ne-12V. Uhlobo lokucushwa kwephekhi kanye neseli elisetshenzisiwe lichaza isilinganiso somthamo wephekhi. Kunamakhemikhali ahlukene atholakalayo, ngokuvamile: amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kanye ne-AGM lead-acid.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid

Ziwuhlobo lwebhethri olushibhe kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe. Banokuphila okulindelekile kweminyaka engu-2-5, okulingana nemijikelezo engu-500-1200. Lokhu kuncike ezimweni zokusetshenziswa; Akunconyiwe ukukhipha ngaphansi kuka-50% womthamo webhethri futhi ungalokothi ube ngaphansi kuka-20% wesamba somthamo njengoba udala umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kuma-electrode. Ngakho, umthamo ogcwele webhethri awukaze uxhashazwe. Ngesilinganiso somthamo ofanayo, amabhethri e-lead-acid azohlinzeka ngemayela elifushane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri.

Anamandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhethri. Ngamanye amazwi, iphekhi yebhethri lamabhethri e-lead acid izoba nesisindo esiphezulu uma iqhathaniswa nomthamo ofanayo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lokhu kuyingozi ekusebenzeni kwesistimu kagesi yenqola yegalofu. Kufanele zigcinwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ngokungeza amanzi acwecwe ukuze konge izinga le-electrolyte.

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion abiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid kodwa ngesizathu esifanele. Zinomthamo omkhulu wamandla okusho ukuthi zilula, futhi zingamelana kangcono nokukhuphuka okukhulu kwezidingo zamandla ezivamile zokusheshisa phakathi nezimo zokushayela nezokuqalisa. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angahlala noma yikuphi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20 kuye ngephrothokholi yokushaja, imikhuba yokusetshenziswa, nokuphathwa kwebhethri. Enye inzuzo yikhono lokukhipha cishe i-100% ngomonakalo omncane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lead acid. Kodwa-ke, isigaba sokushaja esituswayo sihlala singu-80-20% wawo wonke umthamo.

Intengo yabo ephezulu iseyithuba lokuvala izinqola zegalofu ezincane noma ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ukwengeza, asengozini enkulu yokubaleka okushisayo uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri aneasidi yomthofu ngenxa yezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezisebenza kakhulu ezisetshenzisiwe. Ukubaleka okushisayo kungavela esimweni sokuwohloka okukhulu noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, njengokushayisa inqola yegalofu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabhethri e-lead-asidi awanikezi ukuvikeleka uma kwenzeka kubaleka ngenkathi amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile efakwe uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri olungavikela ibhethri ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphuma kokushisa ezimeni ezithile.

Ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kungenzeka futhi njengoba ibhethri lehla. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthamo otholakalayo kanjalo nenani eliphelele lemayela elingakhona ekalishini yegalofu. Inqubo kodwa ihamba kancane ukukhula ngesikhathi esikhulu sokufukamela. Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlala imijikelezo engu-3000-5000, kufanele kube lula ukubona nokushintsha iphakethe lebhethri uma ukuwohloka kweqe imikhawulo eyamukelekayo.

Amabhethri e-deep-cycle lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezinqola zegalofu. Lawa mabhethri enzelwe ngokukhethekile ukunikeza okukhiphayo kwamanje okuzinzile nokuthembekile. Ikhemikhali ye-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) iye yacwaningwa kabanzi futhi iphakathi kwamakhemikhali ebhethri e-lithium-ion amukelwa kabanzi. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate izici zawo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali e-LiFePO4 kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokubaleka okushisayo ngenxa yokuzinza okungokwemvelo kwe-lithium iron phosphate, kucatshangwa ukuthi akukho monakalo owenziwe ngokomzimba oqondile.

I-deep-cycle lithium iron phosphate ibonisa ezinye izici ezifiselekayo. Banempilo yomjikelezo omude, okusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukubekezelela inani elibalulekile lemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha ngaphambi kokubonisa izimpawu zokuwohloka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banokusebenza okuhle kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezidingo zamandla aphezulu. Bangakwazi ukuphatha kahle ukuphakama okukhulu kwamandla adingekayo ngesikhathi sokusheshisa noma ezinye izimo ezidingeka kakhulu ezivame ukuhlangabezana nazo ekusetshenzisweni kwenqola yegalofu. Lezi zici zikhanga kakhulu ezinqoleni zegalofu ezinamanani aphezulu okusetshenziswa.

I-AGM

I-AGM imele amabhethri amathe engilazi amuncwe. Ziyizinguqulo ezivaliwe zamabhethri e-lead-acid, i-electrolyte (i-asidi) iyamuncwa futhi ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwesihlukanisi sengilazi, esibekwa phakathi kwamapuleti ebhethri. Lo mklamo uvumela ibhethri elingachitheki, njengoba i-electrolyte ayinyakazi futhi ayikwazi ukugeleza ngokukhululekile njengamabhethri e-lead-acid agcwele amanzi. Adinga ukulungiswa okuncane futhi ashaje ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kunamabhethri avamile e-lead-asidi. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lungahlala iminyaka eyisikhombisa.Nokho, luza ngentengo ephezulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe okuncane.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, amabhethri enqola yegalofu alawula ukusebenza kwekalishi yegalofu, ikakhulukazi imayela layo. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukuthi ibhethri yenqola yegalofu lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani ekuhleleni ukulungiswa nokucatshangelwa. Amabhethri e-lithium ion anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nempilo ende kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zebhethri ezivamile emakethe njenge-lead-acid. Intengo yazo ephezulu ehambisanayo, nokho, ingase ibonakale inkulu kakhulu kusithiyo ekusebenziseni kwazo ezinqoleni zegalofu ezingabizi kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bathembele kulesi simo ekwandiseni impilo yebhethri le-acid eholayo ngokulungiswa okufanele futhi balindele izinguquko eziningi zamaphekhi ebhethri kuyo yonke impilo yenqola yegalofu.