Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle

Isandulelo

Njengoba umhlaba uguqukela kuzixazululo zamandla aluhlaza, amabhethri e-lithium athole ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Nakuba izimoto zikagesi bezilokhu zigqama iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, amandla ezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kagesi ezilungiselelweni zasolwandle awanakwa. Kodwa-ke, kube nokwanda ocwaningweni olugxile ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium esitoreji kanye nemithethonqubo yokushaja yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene zezikebhe. Amabhethri omjikelezo ojulile we-lithium-ion phosphate kulesi simo akhanga ngokukhethekile ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, nempilo yomjikelezo omude ngaphansi kwezidingo eziqinile zamasistimu okushayela olwandle.

Njengoba ukufakwa kwamabhethri e-lithium okugcina kuba namandla, kanjalo nokuqaliswa kwemithethonqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. I-ISO/TS 23625 ingomunye wemithetho enjalo egxile ekukhetheni ibhethri, ukufakwa, nokuphepha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni amabhethri e-lithium, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezingozi zomlilo.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla olwandle

Amasistimu okugcina amandla olwandle aphenduka isixazululo ethandwa kakhulu embonini yasolwandle njengoba umhlaba uphokophele ekusaseni elisimeme nelinobungani bemvelo. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukugcina amandla endaweni yasolwandle futhi zingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuqhubekiseni imikhumbi nezikebhe ukuya ekunikezeni amandla ayisipele uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesistimu yokugcina amandla olwandle ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, ngenxa yokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu , ukwethembeka, nokuphepha. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion nawo angalungiswa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zamandla ezinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamasistimu okugcina amandla olwandle amandla azo okushintsha amajeneretha edizili. Ngokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, lezi zinhlelo zinganikeza umthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa noqhubekayo wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kubandakanya amandla asizayo, ukukhanyisa, nezinye izidingo zikagesi emkhunjini noma umkhumbi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, amasistimu okugcina amandla olwandle angasetshenziswa futhi ukunika amandla amasistimu okushayela ugesi, okuwenza abe enye indlela esebenzayo kunezinjini ezijwayelekile zikadizili. Zifanele ikakhulukazi imikhumbi emincane esebenza endaweni elinganiselwe.

Sekukonke, amasistimu okugcina amandla olwandle ayingxenye ebalulekile yenguquko eya ekusaseni elisimeme nelinobungani bemvelo embonini yasolwandle.

Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium

Enye yezinzuzo ezisobala kakhulu zokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium esitoreji uma kuqhathaniswa nejeneretha yedizili ukuntuleka kokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi ne-greenhouse. Uma amabhethri eshajwa kusetshenziswa imithombo ehlanzekile njengamaphaneli elanga noma izinjini zomoya, kungase kuhlanganise amandla ahlanzekile angu-100%. Abuye angabizi kakhulu mayelana nokulungiswa okunezingxenye ezimbalwa. Akhiqiza umsindo omncane kakhulu, okuwenza alungele izimo zokumisa eduze nezindawo zokuhlala noma ezinabantu abaningi.

Isitoreji Amabhethri e-Lithium akulona kuphela uhlobo lwamabhethri angasetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, amasistimu ebhethri yasolwandle angahlukaniswa abe amabhethri ayisisekelo (angakwazi ukushajwa kabusha) namabhethri esibili (angashajwa kabusha ngokuqhubekayo). Lokhu kwakamuva kunenzuzo enkulu kwezomnotho ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, ngisho nalapho kucatshangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwamandla. Amabhethri e-lead-acid aqale asetshenziswa, futhi amabhethri e-lithium okugcina abhekwa njengamabhethri asanda kuvela. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi zinikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi zifaneleka kangcono izicelo zebanga elide, kanye nomthwalo ophezulu kanye nezidingo zesivinini esikhulu.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo, abacwaningi abazange babonise noma yiziphi izimpawu zokunganeliseki. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, imiklamo eminingi kanye nezifundo zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokugcina amabhethri e-lithium ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo olwandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuxutshwa kwamakhemikhali okusha kwama-electrode nama-electrolyte ashintshiwe ukuze kuqashwe imililo kanye nokubaleka okushisayo.

Ukukhethwa kwebhethri ye-lithium

Kunezici eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-lithium esitoreji sasolwandle isistimu yebhethri ye-lithium. Umthamo wukucaciswa okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa i-abattery yokugcina amandla olwandle. Inquma ukuthi mangakanani amandla engakwazi ukuwagcina futhi ngemva kwalokho, inani lomsebenzi ongakhiqizwa ngaphambi kokusishajwa kabusha.Lolu uhlaka oluyisisekelo lokuklama ezinhlelweni zokuqhubela phambili lapho umthamo ubeka imayela noma ibanga esingalihamba isikebhe. Esimeni sasolwandle, lapho isikhala ngokuvamile sinomkhawulo, kubalulekile ukuthola ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu. Amabhethri anamandla aphezulu aminyene futhi angasindi, okubaluleke kakhulu ezikebheni lapho isikhala nesisindo siphezulu kakhulu.

Izilinganiso zamandla kagesi nezamanje ziyizicaciso ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-lithium esitoreji samasistimu okugcina amandla olwandle. Lezi zici zinquma ukuthi ibhethri lingashaja futhi liphume ngokushesha kangakanani, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ukufunwa kwamandla kungahluka ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibhethri elakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa olwandle. Izindawo zasolwandle zinokhahlo, zichayeka emanzini anosawoti, umswakama, namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Amabhethri e-lithium esitoreji aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa olwandle ngokuvamile azofaka ukumelana kwamanzi nokugqwala, kanye nezinye izici ezifana nokumelana nokudlidliza nokumelana nokushaqeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile ezimeni eziyinselele.

Ukuphepha emlilweni nakho kubalulekile. Ezinhlelweni zasolwandle, kunesikhala esilinganiselwe sokugcina ibhethri futhi noma yikuphi ukubhebhetheka komlilo kungaholela ekukhishweni kwentuthu enobuthi kanye nomonakalo obizayo. Izinyathelo zokufaka zingathathwa ukunciphisa ukusabalala. I-RoyPow, inkampani yaseShayina ekhiqiza ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, iyisibonelo esisodwa lapho izicisha-mlilo ezincane ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zifakwa kuhlaka lwephakethe lebhethri. Lezi zicishamlilo zenziwa zisebenze isignali kagesi noma ngokushisa ulayini oshisayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kusebenze ijeneretha ye-aerosol ebolisa okokupholisa ngamakhemikhali ngokusabela kwe-redox futhi kusendlale ukuze kucishwe umlilo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba usakazeke. Le ndlela ilungele ukungenelela okusheshayo, ifaneleka kahle izicelo zesikhala esiqinile njengamabhethri e-lithium yokugcina olwandle.

Ukuphepha kanye nezidingo

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium okugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle kuyanda, kodwa ukuphepha kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuklama nokufakwa okufanele. Amabhethri e-lithium asengcupheni yokubaleka okushisayo kanye nobungozi bomlilo uma engaphathwa ngendlela efanele, ikakhulukazi endaweni enzima yasolwandle enokuchayeka emanzini anosawoti kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu kukhathazeka, kuye kwasungulwa amazinga nemithethonqubo ye-ISO. Elinye lalawa mazinga yi-ISO/TS 23625, ehlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela yokukhetha nokufaka amabhethri e-lithium ezinhlelweni zasolwandle. Leli zinga licacisa ukwakheka kwebhethri, ukufakwa, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezimfuneko zokuqapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina nokusebenza okuphephile kwebhethri. Ukwengeza, i-ISO 19848-1 inikeza isiqondiso ekuhlolweni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhethri, okuhlanganisa isitoreji samabhethri e-lithium, ezinhlelweni zasolwandle.

I-ISO 26262 futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kokusebenza kwezinhlelo zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi yasolwandle, kanye nezinye izimoto. Leli zinga ligunyaza ukuthi isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) kufanele yakhelwe ukunikeza izexwayiso ezibonakalayo noma ezizwakalayo ku-opharetha lapho ibhethri inamandla amancane, phakathi kwezinye izidingo zokuphepha. Nakuba ukubambelela kumazinga e-ISO kuwukuzithandela, ukuthobela le mihlahlandlela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamasistimu ebhethri.

Isifinyezo

Amabhethri e-lithium esitoreji avela ngokushesha njengesixazululo esithandwayo sokugcina amandla ezisetshenziswa zasolwandle ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kanye neminyaka yokuphila enwetshiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Lawa mabhethri ahlukahlukene futhi angasetshenziselwa uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle, kusukela ekunikezeni amandla izikebhe zikagesi ukuya ekunikezeni amandla ayisipele wezinhlelo zokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamasistimu amabhethri amasha kwandisa ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingase zifake phakathi ukuhlola olwandle nolwandle ezinye izindawo eziyinselele. Ukwamukelwa kwesitoreji samabhethri e-lithium embonini yasolwandle kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa futhi kuguqule izinto zokuhamba nezokuthutha.