Kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo, kuye kwakho ukwanda okuqhubekayo kusetyenziso lombane wehlabathi, ngokuqikelelwa kweeyure ezingama-25,300 ngonyaka ka-2021. Ngomsebenzi weshishini 4.0, kukho ukwanda kwemicimbi yamandla kwihlabathi liphela. La manani ayandowa minyaka le, ungabandakanyi iimfuno zamandla zezamashishini kunye namanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Olu ncedo lwe-Shift lweMizi-mveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kudityaniswa nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu ebonakalayo yemozulu ngenxa yokukhutshelwa ngokugqithisileyo kweegesi zegreenhouse. Okwangoku, uninzi lwamandla izityalo nezibonelelo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwimithombo ye-fossil ye-fossil (ioyile kunye negesi) ukuze ihlangane izidingo ezinjalo. Le meko ixhalabisayo ithintelwe amandla ongezelelweyo okuqala kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Ke, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla afanelekileyo nezigcina amandla ziye zanda zisibaluleka ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa ngamandla okuqhubekayo kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo.
Icandelo lezamandla liphendule ngokutshintsha ukusuka kumandla ahlaziyiweyo okanye "luhlaza". Utshintsho luye lwancedwa ziindlela zokuphucula ubume boMveliso, okhokelela kumzekelo wokwenziwa kwemveliso esebenzayo ye-turbine turbine. Kwakhona, abaphandi baye bakwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zefotovoltaic, okhokelela kwiSizukulwana esingcono sendawo yokusetyenziswa. Ngo-2021, umbane wombane ovela kwi-Solar Photoltaic (PV) inyuke kakhulu, ifikelela kwingxelo ye-17% ngoku ithelekiswa ne-2020% ye-akhawunti yombane yehlabathi kwaye okwangoku i-STARTAL STRINGY Umthombo wamandla emva kwe-hydropower nomoya.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zokuhamba ngeenyawo azizicombuli ezinye zeenkqubo zendalo ezihlaziyiweyo, ubukhulu becala. Uninzi lwezi ndlela musa ukuvelisa amandla kwimfuno njengamalahle kunye nezityalo zamandla zeoyile. Amandla elanga aphuma kumzekelo ofumanekayo imini yonke kunye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-Angles ye-Angles yelanga kunye ne-PV Panel. Ayinakukwazi ukuvelisa nawaphi na amandla ebusuku ngelixa iziphumo zayo zincitshisiwe kakhulu ngexesha lasebusika nakwiintsuku ezinamafu. Amandla omoya ahlupheke kunye nokuguquguquka ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya somoya. Ke ngoko, ezi zisombululo kufuneka zidityaniswe neenkqubo zokugcina zamandla ukuze kuxhaswe ubonelelo lwamandla ngexesha lokuphuma.
Zithini iinkqubo zokugcina amandla?
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zinokugcina amandla ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuya kubakho uhlobo lwenguqu yamandla phakathi kwamandla agciniweyo kwaye unike amandla. Owona mzekelo uqhelekileyo ziibhetri zombane ezinjengeLithium-i-ion yebhetri okanye iibhetri ezikhokelayo. Babonelela ngamandla ombane ngendlela yokuphendula kweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-electros kunye ne-electroyte.
Iibhetri, okanye i-Bess (inkqubo yokugcina yebhetri), imele eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yamandla esetyenziswa kwizicelo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Enye inkqubo yokugcinwa ikhoyo njenge-hydropower yesityalo eguqula amandla amandla amanzi agcinwe kwidama abe ngamandla ombane. Amanzi awela phantsi aya kujika i-tullwine ye-turbine evelisa amandla ombane. Omnye umzekelo uxinzelela igesi, ekukhupheni irhasi iya kuguqula ivili le-turbine lokuvelisa amandla.
Zeziphi iibhetri ezivela kwezinye iindlela zokugcina ziindawo ezinokubakho zokusebenza. Ukusuka kwizixhobo ezincinci kunye nezixhobo zemoto kwizicelo zasekhaya kunye neefama ezinkulu zelanga, iibhetri zingadityaniswa ngokungakhathali kuyo nayiphi na isicelo sokugcina igridi. Kwelinye icala, i-hydropower kunye neendlela zomoya ezixinzelelweyo zifuna uLwakhiwo oluShenxisiweyo nolusu olunzima lokugcina. Oku kukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ezifuna izicelo ezinkulu kakhulu ukuze zikwaziswe.
Sebenzisa amatyala kwiinkqubo zokugcina ezigciniweyo.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ii-offidi zokugcina iigridi zinokuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuthembela ngeendlela ezihlaziyiweyo zamandla ezifana neSolar namandla omoya. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezinokuthi zingenelwe kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezinjalo
Iigridi zamandla eSixeko zijolise ekuboneleleni ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lamandla ngokusekwe ekuboneleleni nasengqondweni yesixeko ngasinye. Amandla afunekayo anokutshintsha imini yonke. Iinkqubo zokugcina ezigciniweyo zisetyenziselwe ukuguquguquka kokuguquguquka kwaye zinike uzinzo ngakumbi kwiimeko zedivu. Ukusuka kwimbono eyahlukileyo, ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokugcina zegridi kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ukubuyekeza nayiphi na impazamo engalindelekanga yobugcisa kwigridi yamandla ephambili okanye ngexesha lolondolozo olucwangcisiweyo. Banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ngaphandle kokufuna ezinye izinto zamandla. Umntu unokulinganisa umzekelo kwi-Ices Eces Aprist ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari 2023 eshiye abantu abangama-26200 abantu ngaphandle kwamandla, ngelixa ukulungiswa kwachithiwe ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezinzima.
Izithuthi zombane zezinye isicelo. Abaphandi bathulule umzamo omninzi wokuphucula ukwenziwa kwebhetri kunye nokutshabalalisa / iindlela zokukhupha ukuze ubeke ixesha lokuphila kunye nokuxinana kwamandla kwiibhetri. Ibhetri yeLithium-ion ibiyemphambili wale ngqolo incinci kwaye isetyenziselwe kakhulu kwiimoto ezintsha zombane kodwa neebhasi zombane. Iibhetri ezingcono kule meko zinokukhokelela kwimayile enkulu kodwa ikwanciphisile amaxesha edragies ngetekhnoloji elungileyo.
Enye inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha ithanda i-UAVs kunye neerobhothi ze-robots zincedile kakhulu kuphuhliso lwebhetri. Kukho iindlela zokuhamba kunye nezicwangciso zolawulo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba lebhetri kunye namandla anikezelweyo.
Yintoni i-bess
I-Bess okanye inkqubo yokugcinwa kwebhetri yinkqubo yokugcina amandla enokusetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla. La mandla anokuvela kwigridi ephambili okanye kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo efana namandla omoya kunye namandla elanga. Iqulathe iibhetri ezininzi ezilungiselelwe ukucwangciswa okwahlukileyo (uthotho / upapasho) kunye ne-stad ngokusekwe kwiimfuno. Ziqhagamshelwe kwi-inverter esetyenziselwa ukuguqula amandla e-DC ukuya kumandla e-AC ye-AC. Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (i-BMS) isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwiimeko zebhetri kunye nokusebenza / ukusebenza ngokutsha.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ziguquguquka ngakumbi ukubeka / qhagamshela kwaye azifuni iziseko zophuhliso ezixabisa kakhulu, kodwa ziseza ngexabiso elininzi kwaye lifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kwaye kufuna ulondolozo oluthe kratya ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni.
I-Bess Sing kunye neHabit yokuSebenzisa
Inqaku elibalulekileyo lokuwisa xa kufakwa inkqubo yebhetri yebhetri. Zingaphi iibhetri ezifunekayo? Kukuphi ubumbeko? Ngamanye amaxesha, uhlobo lwebhetri lunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwixesha elide malunga nokonga ixabiso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Oku kwenziwa kwisiseko secala ngemeko njengoko izicelo zivela kumakhaya amancinci ukuya kwizityalo ezinkulu zemveliso.
Owona mthombo wamandla ophumelelayo wamakhaya amancinci, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, ilanga lisebenzisa iipaneli zefotovoltaic. Injineli yayiza kuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla endlu kunye ne-Isses i-Irradiadiance yelanga kunyaka wendawo ethile. Inani leebhetri kunye nolungelelwaniso lwabo lwegridi kuphela ukutshatisa iimfuno zamandla asezantsi eSholar Solar Soun Sound Sound Sound Adlies. Oku kucingelwa sisisombululo sokuba nentend yokugcwala ngokupheleleyo kwigridi ephambili.
Ukugcina imeko ephakathi kwentlawulo okanye engayisebenzisi ngokupheleleyo iibhetri yinto enokuthi ivume i-touling ekuqaleni. Ngapha koko, kutheni sebenzisa inkqubo yokugcina ukuba asinakukhupha amandla apheleleyo? Kwithiyori inokwenzeka, kodwa isenokungabi sisicwangciso esandisa ukubuya kutyalo-mali.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-Bess yindleko eziphezulu zeebhetri. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha umkhwa wokusetyenziswa okanye isicwangciso-nkqubo sokutshaja / isicwangciso sokukhupha esikwandisa i-Lifespan yebhetri kubalulekile. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-Acid azinakukhutshwa ngaphantsi kwe-50% yomthamo ngaphandle kokubandezeleka kumonakalo ongenakuphikiswa. Ibhetri yeLithium-ion inee-inzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ubomi obude bobomi. Banokukhutshwa besebenzisa uluhlu olukhulu, kodwa oku kuza ngendleko zexabiso elinyukayo. Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwiindleko phakathi kwamachiza ahlukeneyo, okhokela iibhetri ze-acid zinokukhululwa amawaka eedola ezixabiso eliphantsi kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion yobukhulu be-lithium. Kungenxa yoko le nto iibhetri ze-acid zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zelanga kumazwe a-3 kunye noluntu oluhlwempuzekileyo.
Umsebenzi webhetri uchatshazelwe kakhulu kukonakaliswa ngexesha lokuphila kwabo, ayinayo intsebenzo eqhubekayo ephela ngesiquphe. Endaweni yoko, isikhundla kwaye sinikezelwe sinokupheliswa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuziqhelanisa, ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri lithathwa njengekhondo lokuphuma xa amandla ayo efikelela kwi-80% yomthamo wayo wokuqala. Ngamanye amagama, xa unamathela kwi-20% yamandla. Ukuziqhelanisa, oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani bamandla bunokubonelelwa. Oku kunokuchaphazela amaxesha okuselula kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo kunye nesixa semayile i-iV ev inokugubungela.
Enye inqaku ekufuneka liqwalaselwe kukhuseleko. Ukuqhubela phambili kwimveliso kunye netekhnoloji, iibhetri zamva nje ziye zazinza ngokugqibeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo ngenxa yokuphelisa imbali kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwembali, iiseli zinokuya kwi-rulay ye-thermal enokukhokelela kwiziphumo zentlekele kwaye kwezinye iimeko zibeka ubomi abathengi.
Kungenxa yoko le nto iinkampani ziphuhlise isoftware ebonakalayo yebhetri engcono (BMS) ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri kodwa kwanokubeka iliso kwimeko yempilo ukwenzela ukubonelela ngokulondolozwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye kuphephe imiphumo emiselweyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Iinkqubo zokugcina eziGciniweyo zinika ithuba elihle lokufezekisa inkululeko yamandla kwigridi ephambili kodwa ikwabonelela ngomthombo wamandla ombane ngexesha le-Downtimes kunye namaxesha epiks. Ukuqulunqwa kuyakuququzelela imithombo yamandla eGreener, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ifuthe lemigangatho yamandla kutshintsho lwemozulu ngelixa udibana neemfuno zamandla ngokukhula kwamandla ngokukhula rhoqo ekusebenziseni.
Iinkqubo zokugcina zebhetri zebhetri zezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye ilula ukuyicwangcisa izicelo ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kakhulu kuthunyelwe ziindleko eziphezulu, kukhokelela kuphuhliso lweendlela zokujonga ukubeka ixesha lokuphila ngokulandelelana kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okwangoku, ishishini kunye nezemfundo zigalela umzamo omkhulu wokuphanda kwaye uqonde ukonakaliswa kwebhetri phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
