Ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa
Iinqwelo zegalufa ziyimfuneko kumava alungileyo egalufa. Bakwafumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kumaziko amakhulu afana neepaki okanye iikhampasi zeYunivesithi. Inxalenye ephambili eyabenza banomtsalane kakhulu kukusetyenziswa kweebhetri namandla ombane. Oku kuvumela iinqwelo zegalufa ukuba zisebenze ngesandi esincinci songcoliseko kunye nokukhutshwa kwengxolo. Iibhetri zinobomi obuthile kwaye, ukuba zigqithisiwe, zibangela ukuhla ekusebenzeni komatshini kunye nokunyuka kwamandla okuvuza kunye nemiba yokhuseleko efana ne-thermal runaways kunye nokuqhuma. Ke ngoko, abasebenzisi kunye nabathengi banenkxalabo malunga nokuba ixesha elingakanani aibhetri yenqwelo yegalufainokuhlala ixesha elide ukuphepha iintlekele kunye nokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko.
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngelishwa ayincinci kwaye ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, enye yazo yikhemistri yebhetri. Ngokwesiqhelo, ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa eneasidi ilindeleke ukuba ihlale phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 ngokweavareji kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezisetyenziswa esidlangalaleni kunye neminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-10 kwezingabanikazi babucala. Ubomi obude, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ekulindeleke ukuba zihlale ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 kwaye zifikelele phantse iminyaka engama-20 kwiimoto zabucala. Olu luhlu luchaphazelekayo ngama-agent amaninzi kunye neemeko, okwenza uhlalutyo lube nzima ngakumbi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuntywila nzulu kwezona zinto zixhaphakileyo nezinempembelelo kumxholo weebhetri zenqwelo yegalufa, ngelixa sibonelela ngeengcebiso xa kunokwenzeka.
Ikhemistri yebhetri
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukhetho lwekhemistri yebhetri lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ubude obulindelekileyo bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa esetyenzisiweyo.
Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zezona zithandwa kakhulu, zinikwe amaxabiso aphantsi kunye nokulula kokugcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, zikwabonelela ngobona bomi buncinci bulindelekileyo, umyinge weminyaka emi-2-5 kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezisetyenziswa esidlangalaleni. Ezi bhetri zikwanzima ngobukhulu kwaye azifanelekanga kwiimoto ezincinci ezineemfuno eziphezulu zamandla. Omnye kufuneka abeke iliso ubunzulu bokukhutshwa okanye umthamo okhoyo kwezi bhetri, ngoko akukhuthazwa ukuba uzisebenzise ngaphantsi kwe-40% yomthamo ogciniweyo ukuphepha umonakalo osisigxina we-electrode.
Iibhetri zeenqwelo zegalufa ze-gel zicetywayo njengesisombululo kwiintsilelo zeebhetri zenqwelo zegalufa ezikhokelayo. Kule meko, i-electrolyte i-gel endaweni yolwelo. Oku kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokwenzeka kokuvuza. Ifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci kwaye inokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, ngakumbi amaqondo abandayo, awaziwa ngokunyusa ukuthotywa kwebhetri kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphila.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zeenqwelo zegalufa zezona zibiza kakhulu kodwa zibonelela ngobude bobomi obukhulu. Ngokubanzi, unokulindela aibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa ye-lithium-ionukuhlala naphi na phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-20 iminyaka ngokuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa kunye nezinto zangaphandle. Oku ikakhulu kuphantsi kokwakhiwa kwe-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte esetyenzisiweyo, okwenza ibhetri isebenze ngakumbi kwaye yomelele ngakumbi ekuthotyweni kwimeko yeemfuno zomthwalo ophezulu, iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nemijikelo yosetyenziso olude.
Iimeko zokusebenza ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ikhemistri yebhetri ayikuphela kwento emisela ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa. Enyanisweni, yintsebenziswano ye-synergetic phakathi kwekhemistri yebhetri kunye neemeko ezininzi zokusebenza. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwezona zinto zinefuthe kakhulu kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo nekhemistri yebhetri.
. Ukutshaja kakhulu kunye nokukhupha kakhulu: Ukutshaja okanye ukukhupha ibhetri ngaphaya kwemeko ethile yentlawulo kunokonakalisa umphelo i-electrode. Ukutshaja kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa ishiywe ide kakhulu kwintlawulo. Oku akuyiyo inkxalabo enkulu kwimeko yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, apho i-BMS ilungiselelwe ngokuqhelekileyo ukunqumla ukutshaja kunye nokukhusela kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ukukhupha ngaphezulu, nangona kunjalo, kuncinci ukuphatha. Inkqubo yokukhupha ixhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa kwenqwelo yegalufa kunye neengoma ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukunciphisa ubunzulu bokukhutshwa kunganciphisa ngokuthe ngqo imigama inqwelo yegalufa enokuyigubungela phakathi kwemijikelo yokutshaja. Kule meko, iibhetri zegalufa ze-lithium-ion zibambe i-advanteji njengoko zikwazi ukumelana nzulu nokukhupha iibhayisikile ezinempembelelo yokuthotywa okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-asidi.
. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu: Ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu ziinkqubo ezichasayo zokutshaja kunye nokukhupha kodwa unengxaki yomba osisiseko ofanayo. Ukuxinana okuphezulu kwangoku kwii-electrode kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kwakhona, iibhetri zegalufa ze-lithium-ion zifaneleka ngcono ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno zomthwalo ophezulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwisicelo kunye nokusebenza, amandla aphezulu anokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu kwinqwelo yegalufa kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza. Apha kulapho umjikelo wokuqhuba wenqwelo yegalufa unokuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri ngokuhambelana nokusetyenziswa. Ngamanye amazwi, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ezisetyenziswa kwizantya ezisezantsi kwibala legalufa ziya kodlula iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa yesibini ezisetyenziswa kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu kwibala elinye.
. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ayaziwa ukuba achaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Nokuba ipakwe elangeni okanye iqhutywa kubushushu obusondele kumkhenkce, isiphumo sihlala siyingozi kwiibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa. Ezinye izisombululo ziye zacetywa ukunciphisa le mpembelelo. Iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa yeGel Lead-Acid sisisombululo esinye, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Enye i-BMS yazisa imijikelo yokutshaja okuphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuzifudumeza phambi kokutshaja okuphezulu kwe-C ukukhawulela i-lithium plating.
Ezi zinto kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuthengwa ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa. Umzekelo, iS38105 LiFePO4 ibhetri evela ROYPOWkuxelwe ukuba ihlale iminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokufikelela esiphelweni sobomi. Eli lixabiso eliphakathi elisekelwe kuvavanyo lwaselabhoratri. Kuxhomekeka kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa kunye nokuba umsebenzisi uyigcina njani ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa, imijikelo elindelekileyo okanye iminyaka yenkonzo inokwehla okanye inyuke ngaphaya kwexabiso eliphakathi elixelwe kwidatha yebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngamafutshane, ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa buya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimikhwa yokusetyenziswa, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nekhemistri yebhetri. Njengoko zimbini zokuqala kunzima ukulinganisa kunye nokuqikelela kwangaphambili, umntu unokuxhomekeka kwimilinganiselo ephakathi ngokusekelwe kwikhemikhali yebhetri. Kulo mba, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zenqwelo yegalufa zibonelela ngobomi obude kodwa ixabiso lokuqala eliphezulu xa lithelekiswa nexesha eliphantsi lokuphila kunye nexabiso eliphantsi leebhetri ze-lead-asidi.
Inqaku eliyeleleneyo:
Zihlala ixesha elingakanani iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa
Ngaba iibhetri zeLithium Phosphate zingcono kuneebhetri zeTernary Lithium?
