Khawucinge nje ngokufumana umngxuma wakho wokuqala-kwinye, kuphela ukufumanisa ukuba kufuneka uthwale iiklabhu zakho zegalufa ukuya kumngxuma olandelayo kuba iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zifile. Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuya kuwuthomalalisa umoya. Ezinye iinqwelo zegalufa zixhotyiswe ngenjini encinci yepetroli ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zisebenzisa iimotor zombane. Ezi zamva zinobuhlobo ngakumbi ne-eco-friendly, kulula ukuzigcina, kwaye zizolile. Yiloo nto iinqwelo zegalufa zisetyenzisiwe kwiikhampasi zaseyunivesithi kunye nezibonelelo ezinkulu, hayi kwibala legalufa kuphela.
Into ephambili yibhetri esetyenziswayo njengoko iyalela ukuncuma kwenqwelo yegalufa kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Ibhetri nganye inobomi obuthile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhemistri kunye ne-confguraton esetyenzisiweyo.Umsebenzisi-nkonzo angathanda ngokunqwenelekayo ukuba nobona bomi buphezulu bunokwenzeka ngesona sixa siphantsi sogcino olufunekayo. Kakade ke, oku akuzukufika ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ukulungelelana kuyafuneka. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwebhetri kwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide.
Izakuhlala malini ibhetri ngokwemiqathango yosetyenziso lwexeshana elifutshane iguqulelwe ekubeni zingaphi iimayile zenqwelo yegalufa enokuzigubungela phambi kokuba itshaje kwakhona ibhetri. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kubonisa ukuba mingaphi imijikelo yokutshaja-ukukhupha inokuxhasa ibhetri ngaphambi kokuthotywa kunye nokusilela. Ukuqikelela kamva, inkqubo yombane kunye nohlobo lweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Inkqubo yombane yenqwelo yegalufa
Ukwazi ukuba iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zihlala ixesha elingakanani, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkqubo yombane ibhetri eyinxalenye yayo. Inkqubo yombane yenziwe ngemoto yombane kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwipakethe yebhetri eyenziwe ngeeseli zebhetri kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Iinjini zombane eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iinqwelo zegalufa zilinganiswe kwi-36 volts okanye i-48 volts.
Ngokubanzi, uninzi lweenjini zombane ziya kutsala naphi na phakathi kwe-50-70 amps xa zibaleka ngesantya esiziikhilomitha ezili-15 ngeyure. Nangona kunjalo oku kuqikelelo olukhulu njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela usetyenziso lomthwalo we-injini. Uhlobo lomhlaba kunye namatayara asetyenziswayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto, kunye nobunzima obuthwalwayo konke kunokuchaphazela umthwalo osetyenziswa yi-injini. Ukongeza, iimfuno zomthwalo zonyuka ekuqaliseni injini nangexesha lokukhawulezisa xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zokuhamba ngenqanawa. Zonke ezi zinto zenza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-injini kungabi yinto encinci. Yiyo loo nto kwiimeko ezininzi, ipakethi yebhetri esetyenziswayo igqithise (imeko yokhuseleko) malunga ne-20% ukugada iimeko zemfuno ephezulu kakhulu.
Ezi mfuno zichaphazela ukhetho lohlobo lwebhetri. Ibhetri kufuneka ibe nomthamo owaneleyo wokubonelela ngemayile enkulu kumsebenzisi. Kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokunyuka ngesiquphe kwemfuno yombane. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezifunwayo ziquka ubunzima obuphantsi beepakethi zebhetri, ukukwazi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kunye nokukhawuleza kwemithwalo ephezulu kunciphisa ubomi beebhetri kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iikhemistri. Ngamanye amazwi, okukhona umjikelo wokuqhuba uguquguquka, ibhetri iya kuhlala imfutshane.
Iintlobo zebhetri
Ukongeza kumjikelo wokuqhuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-injini, uhlobo lwekhemistri yebhetri luya kuchaza ukuba ixesha elide kangakananiibhetri yenqwelo yegalufaiya kuhlala. Zininzi iibhetri ezikhoyo kwimarike ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuqhuba iinqwelo zegalufa. Iipakethi eziqhelekileyo zineebhetri ezilinganiswe kwi-6V, 8V, kunye ne-12V. Uhlobo loqwalaselo lwepakethi kunye neseli esetyenzisiweyo luchaza ubungakanani bomthamo wepakethi. Kukho iikhemistri ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, ngokuqhelekileyo: iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, kunye ne-AGM lead-acid.
Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi
Zezona ntlobo zebhetri zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike. Banobomi obulindelekileyo beminyaka eyi-2-5, elilingana ne-500-1200 imijikelezo. Oku kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa; Akukhuthazwa ukukhupha ngaphantsi kwe-50% yomthamo webhetri kwaye ungalokothi ube ngaphantsi kwe-20% yomthamo opheleleyo njengoko udala umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwii-electrode. Ngaloo ndlela, umthamo opheleleyo webhetri awuzange usetyenziswe. Kumlinganiselo womthamo ofanayo, iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zinokubonelela ngomgama omfutshane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri.
Banoxinano lwamandla olusezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri. Ngamanye amazwi, ipakethe yebhetri yeebhetri ze-lead acid iya kuba nobunzima obuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo ofanayo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Oku kuyingozi ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yombane yenqwelo yegalufa. Kufuneka zigcinwe rhoqo, ngokukodwa ngokudibanisa amanzi adibeneyo ukuze kugcinwe inqanaba le-electrolyte.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-asidi kodwa ngesizathu esifanelekileyo. Banoxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu okuthetha ukuba bakhaphukhaphu, banako nokuphatha ngcono ukunyuka okukhulu kweemfuno zamandla eziqhelekileyo zokukhawulezisa ngexesha lokuqhuba kunye neemeko zokuqalisa. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinokuhlala naphi na phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-20 ngokuxhomekeke kwiprothokholi yokutshaja, imikhwa yokusetyenziswa, kunye nolawulo lwebhetri. Enye inzuzo kukukwazi ukukhupha phantse i-100% kunye nomonakalo omncinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-asidi ekhokelayo. Nangona kunjalo, isigaba esicetyiswayo sokukhupha intlawulo sihlala siyi-80-20% yomthamo opheleleyo.
Ixabiso labo eliphezulu lisekho ukucima kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezincinci okanye ezisezantsi. Ukongeza, bachaphazeleka ngakumbi kwi-thermal runaway xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-asidi ngenxa yeekhompawundi zekhemikhali ezisebenzayo ezisetyenziswayo. Ukubaleka ngobushushu kunokuvela kwimeko yokuthotywa okuqatha okanye ukuphathwa kakubi ngokwasemzimbeni, njengokungqubana kwenqwelo yegalufa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe nangona kunjalo ukuba iibhetri ze-lead-asidi azinikezeli ukhuseleko kwimeko yokubaleka kwe-thermal ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri enokukhusela ibhetri ngaphambi kokuba i-thermal ibaleke kwiimeko ezithile.
Ukuzikhupha ngokwakho kunokwenzeka njengoko ibhetri isihla. Oku kunganciphisa umthamo okhoyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela umgama uwonke onokwenzeka kwinqwelo yegalufa. Inkqubo iyacotha ukuphuhlisa ngexesha elikhulu lokufukamela. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezihlala kwi-3000-5000 imijikelezo, kufuneka kube lula ukubona kunye nokutshintsha ipakethe yebhetri xa ukuthotywa kudlula imida eyamkelekileyo.
Iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) ezinzulu zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iinqwelo zegalufa. Ezi bhetri zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngemveliso yangoku ezinzileyo kwaye ethembekileyo. I-chemistry ye-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) iye yaphandwa ngokubanzi kwaye iphakathi kweyona khemistri yebhetri ye-lithium-ion eyamkelwe kakhulu. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate ziimpawu zazo zokhuseleko olwandisiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhemistri ye-LiFePO4 kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokubaleka kwe-thermal ngenxa yokuzinza kwe-lithium iron phosphate, kucingelwa ukuba akukho monakalo othe ngqo womzimba owenzekileyo.
Umjikelo onzulu we-lithium iron phosphate ubonisa ezinye iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo. Banobomi bomjikelo omde, oku kuthetha ukuba banokunyamezela inani elibalulekileyo lentlawulo kunye nemijikelezo yokukhupha ngaphambi kokubonisa iimpawu zokuthotywa. Ukongeza, banomsebenzi obalaseleyo xa kufikwa kwiimfuno zamandla aphezulu. Banokuphatha ngokufanelekileyo ukunyuka okukhulu kwamandla afunekayo ngexesha lokukhawulezisa okanye ezinye iimeko ezifunwa kakhulu eziqhelekileyo kusetyenziso lwenqwelo yegalufa. Ezi mpawu zinomtsalane ngakumbi kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezinamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa.
IAGM
I-AGM imele iibhetri zeglasi ezifunxekayo. Ziinguqulelo ezitywiniweyo zeebhetri ze-lead-acid, i-electrolyte (i-asidi) ifunxwe kwaye ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwesahluli seglasi, esibekwe phakathi kweepleyiti zebhetri. Olu luyilo luvumela ibhetri yobungqina bokuchitheka, njengoko i-electrolyte ingashukumi kwaye ayikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo njengeebhetri ze-asidi ezikhukulayo. Zifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci kwaye zihlawulise ukuya kuthi ga kahlanu ngokukhawuleza kuneebhetri ze-asidi eziqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lwebhetri lunokuhlala iminyaka esixhenxe.Nangona kunjalo, luza kwixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuncinci okuphuculweyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ziyalela ukusebenza kwenqwelo yegalufa, ngakumbi umgama wayo. Kubalulekile ukuqikelela ukuba ibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani kucwangciso lolondolozo kunye noqwalaselo. Iibhetri ze-Lithium ion zinika ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobude bobomi obude xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zebhetri eziqhelekileyo kwiimarike ezifana ne-lead-acid. Ixabiso labo eliphezulu elihambelanayo, nangona kunjalo, lingangqina ukuba likhulu kakhulu kumqobo ekuphunyezweni kwazo kwiinqwelo zegalufa ezixabisa ixabiso eliphantsi. Abathengi baxhomekeke kule meko ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri yeasidi ekhokelayo ngogcino olufanelekileyo kwaye balindele utshintsho oluninzi lweepakethi zebhetri kubo bonke ubomi benqwelo yegalufa.
Inqaku eliyeleleneyo:
Ngaba iibhetri zeLithium Phosphate zingcono kuneebhetri zeTernary Lithium?
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