Intshayelelo
Njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kwizisombululo zamandla aluhlaza, iibhetri ze-lithium ziye zafumana ingqwalasela eyongeziweyo. Ngelixa izithuthi zombane ziye zabonwa iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, amandla okugcina amandla ombane kwiinkqubo zaselwandle azinakwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho utyando kuphando olugxile ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium yokugcina kunye neeprothokholi zokutshaja kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesikhephe. Iibhetri zomjikelezo onzulu we-lithium-ion phosphate kule meko zinomtsalane ngakumbi ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, kunye nobomi bomjikelo obude phantsi kweemfuno ezingqongqo zeenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili elwandle.
Njengoko ukufakwa kokugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium kuzuza ngokukhawuleza, ngokunjalo ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. I-ISO/TS 23625 ngomnye ummiselo ololo hlobo ogxile ekukhetheni ibhetri, ufakelo kunye nokhuseleko. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu xa kuziwa ekusebenziseni iibhetri ze-lithium, ngakumbi malunga neengozi zomlilo.
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle zisiba sisisombululo esixhaphakileyo kwishishini laselwandle njengoko ilizwe lisiya kwikamva elizinzileyo nelilungele indalo. Njengoko igama libonisa, ezi nkqubo ziyilelwe ukugcina amandla kwindawo yaselwandle kwaye ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiinqanawa ezihamba phambili kunye nezikhephe ukuya ekuboneleleni amandla okugcina amandla kwimeko kaxakeka.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla olwandle ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, ngenxa yobuninzi bayo bamandla, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zisenokulungelelaniswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zamandla kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle kukukwazi kwabo ukutshintsha iijenereyitha zedizili. Ngokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezi nkqubo zinokubonelela ngomthombo wamandla othembekileyo nozinzileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya amandla ancedisayo, ukukhanya, kunye nezinye iimfuno zombane kwinqanawa okanye inqanawa. Ukongeza kwezi zicelo, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla elwandle zingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla iinkqubo zokuqhuba umbane, zizenze zibe yindlela enokusebenziseka kwiinjini zedizili eziqhelekileyo. Zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiinqanawa ezincinci ezisebenza kwindawo encinci.
Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle yinxalenye ephambili yenguqu ukuya kwikamva elizinzileyo nelilungele indalo kushishino lwaselwandle.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri ze-lithium
Enye yeenzuzo ezibonakalayo zokusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina xa kuthelekiswa nejenereyitha ye-diesel kukungabikho kokukhutshwa kwegesi enetyhefu kunye ne-greenhouse. Ukuba iibhetri zitshajwa kusetyenziswa imithombo ecocekileyo efana neepaneli zelanga okanye iiinjini zomoya, oko kunokwenza i-100% yamandla acocekileyo. Kananjalo azibizi kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kulondolozo olunamacandelo ambalwa. Zivelisa ingxolo encinci kakhulu, zizenza zilungele iimeko zokumisa kufutshane neendawo zokuhlala okanye ezinabemi.
Ugcino Iibhetri zeLithium ayikuphela kohlobo lweebhetri ezinokusetyenziswa. Enyanisweni, iinkqubo zebhetri zaselwandle zinokwahlulwa zibe ziibhetri zokuqala (ezingenako ukutshajwa kwakhona) kunye neebhetri zesibini (ezinokuthi zitshajwe ngokuqhubekayo). Oku kokugqibela kunenzuzo ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho kwisicelo sexesha elide, nangona kuqwalaselwa ukuthotywa kwamandla. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zaqala ukusetyenziswa, kwaye iibhetri ze-lithium zokugcina zibhekwa njengeebhetri ezisanda kuvela. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba babonelela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobomi obude, oku kuthetha ukuba bafaneleka ngakumbi kwizicelo ezikude, kunye nomthwalo ophezulu kunye neemfuno zesantya esiphezulu.
Nokuba zeziphi na ezi nzuzo, abaphandi abakhange babonise naziphi na iimpawu zokungakhathali. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uyilo oluninzi kunye nezifundo zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwaselwandle. Oku kuquka imixube emitsha yeekhemikhali zee-electrode kunye nee-electrolyte ezilungisiweyo ukuze zigade imililo kunye nokubaleka kwe-thermal.
Ukukhethwa kwebhetri ye-lithium
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ukugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium kwindawo yokugcina ibhetri ye-lithium. Umthamo luphawu olubalulekileyo omaluqwalaselwe xa ukhetha isilabhari sogcino lwamandla olwandle. Imisela ukuba angakanani amandla enokuthi iwagcine kwaye emva koko, ubungakanani bomsebenzi onokuthi iveliswe phambi kokuba iphinde itshajwe.Olu luyilo olusisiseko lweparameter kwiinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili apho umthamo uyalela imayile okanye umgama isikhephe esinokuwuhamba. Kwimeko yaselwandle, apho isithuba sihlala sinqongophele, kubalulekile ukufumana ibhetri enoxinano olukhulu lwamandla. Iibhetri zoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu zixinene ngakumbi kwaye zikhaphukhaphu, nto leyo ibaluleke ngakumbi kwizikhephe apho isithuba kunye nobunzima bukwiprimiyamu.
I-voltage kunye nemilinganiselo yangoku nazo ziyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ukugcina iibhetri ze-lithium kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla olwandle. Ezi nkcukacha zichaza ukuba ibhetri ingahlawulisa kwaye ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, into ebalulekileyo kwizicelo apho iimfuno zamandla zinokwahluka ngokukhawuleza.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibhetri eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa elwandle. Imimandla yaselwandle inzima, kunye nokuvezwa kwamanzi anetyuwa, ukufuma, kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Ukugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa elwandle ngokuqhelekileyo ziza kubonisa ukukhuselwa kwamanzi kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifana nokuxhathisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokuxhathisa ukothuka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.
Ukhuseleko emlilweni nalo lubalulekile. Kwizicelo zaselwandle, kukho indawo encinci yokugcina ibhetri kwaye nakuphi na ukusasazeka komlilo kunokukhokelela ekukhutshweni komsi oyityhefu kunye nomonakalo oneendleko eziphezulu. Amanyathelo ofakelo anokuthathwa ukunciphisa ukusasazeka. I-RoyPow, inkampani yaseTshayina yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, ngumzekelo omnye apho izicimi-mlilo ezincinci ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zibekwe kwisakhelo sebhetri. Ezi zicimi-mlilo zenziwa zisebenze nokuba ngumqondiso wombane okanye ngokutshisa umgca we-thermal. Oku kuya kuvula ijenereyitha yeaerosol ebolisa ukupholisa ngokwekhemikhali ngokusabela kweredox kwaye isasaze ukucima umlilo ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba unwenwe. Le ndlela ilungele ukungenelela okukhawulezayo, ifaneleke kakuhle kwizicelo zesithuba esiqinileyo njengebhetri ye-lithium yokugcina ulwandle.
Ukhuseleko kunye neemfuno
Ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium kwizicelo zaselwandle kunyuka, kodwa ukhuseleko kufuneka lube yinto ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukuyila kunye nokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo. Iibhetri zeLithium zisesichengeni sokubaleka kobushushu kunye neengozi zomlilo ukuba aziphathwanga ngendlela eyiyo, ngakumbi kwindawo engqonge ulwandle erhabaxa apho kuvuleleke kumanzi etyuwa kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Ukujongana nale nkxalabo, imigangatho kunye nemimiselo ye-ISO isekiwe. Enye yale migangatho yi-ISO/TS 23625, ebonelela ngezikhokelo zokukhetha kunye nokufaka iibhetri ze-lithium kwizicelo zaselwandle. Lo mgangatho uxela uyilo lwebhetri, ufakelo, ugcino, kunye neemfuno zokubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa ubukho bebhetri kunye nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, i-ISO 19848-1 ibonelela ngesikhokelo ekuvavanyeni nasekusebenzeni kweebhetri, kubandakanya ukugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium, kwizicelo zaselwandle.
I-ISO 26262 ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yombane neye-elektroniki kwiinqanawa zaselwandle, kunye nezinye izithuthi. Lo mgangatho ugunyazisa ukuba inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS) kufuneka iyilwe ukunika izilumkiso ezibonakalayo okanye ezivakalayo kumsebenzisi xa ibhetri iphantsi kwamandla, phakathi kwezinye iimfuno zokhuseleko. Ngelixa ukubambelela kwimigangatho ye-ISO iyinto yokuzithandela, ukuthotyelwa kwezi zikhokelo kukhuthaza ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kweenkqubo zebhetri.
Isishwankathelo
Ukugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium zivela ngokukhawuleza njengesisombululo esikhethiweyo sokugcina amandla kwizicelo zaselwandle ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla kunye nokwandisa ubomi phantsi kweemeko ezibango. Ezi bhetri zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye zingasetyenziselwa uluhlu lwezicelo zaselwandle, ukusuka ekunikezeni amandla ombane ombane ukubonelela amandla okulondoloza kwiinkqubo zokuhamba.Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweenkqubo zebhetri ezintsha zandisa uluhlu lwezicelo ezinokuthi zibandakanye ukuhlolisisa ulwandle olunzulu kunye ezinye iindawo ezinomngeni. Ukwamkelwa kokugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium kushishino lwaselwandle kulindeleke ukuba kunciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokuguqula izinto kunye nokuthutha.
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