Mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura, kwave kune kuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi pasi rose, nekushandiswa kunofungidzirwa kweanosvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu nemazana matatu eterawatt-maawa mugore ra2021. Nekuchinja kuenda kuindasitiri 4.0, kune kuwedzera kwesimba rinodiwa pasi rese.Nhamba idzi dziri kuwedzera gore rega rega, zvisingasanganisire zvinodikanwa zvesimba zvemaindasitiri nemamwe matunhu ehupfumi.Uku kushanduka kwemaindasitiri uye mashandisirwo emagetsi epamusoro-soro anosanganiswa nemamwe anobatika ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwekubuda kwakanyanya kwemagasi egreenhouse.Parizvino, zvidyarwa zvakawanda zvekugadzira magetsi uye zvivakwa zvinotsamira zvakanyanya pazvitubu zvemafuta (oiri negasi) kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakadaro.Izvi zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze zvinorambidza kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwesimba uchishandisa nzira dzakajairika.Nekudaro, kukudziridzwa kweanoshanda uye anovimbika ekuchengetedza simba masisitimu ave achiwedzera kukosha kuti ave nechokwadi chekuenderera uye chakavimbika kupihwa kwesimba kubva kune anovandudzwa masosi.
Iyo simba remagetsi rakapindura nekuchinjira kune renewable simba kana "girinhi" mhinduro.Shanduko iyi yakabatsirwa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvigadzirwa, zvichitungamira semuenzaniso kune zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi mablades.Uyezve, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuvandudza kushanda kwe photovoltaic masero, zvichiita kuti simba rive nani pane imwe nzvimbo yekushandisa.Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kubva kune solar photovoltaic (PV) zvinyorwa zvakawedzera zvakanyanya, kusvika kune rekodhi 179 TWh uye inomiririra kukura kwe22% kana ichienzaniswa ne2020. Solar PV teknolojia ikozvino inotora 3.6% yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi epasi rose uye ikozvino ndiyo yechitatu yakakura inogona kuvandudzwa. tsime remagetsi mushure mehydropower nemhepo.
Zvisineyi, mabhindauko aya haagadzirise zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvesimba resimba rinogoneka, kunyanya kuwanikwa.Mazhinji enzira idzi haaburitse simba pazvinodiwa semarasha nemafuta emagetsi emagetsi.Simba rezuva rinobuda semuenzaniso rinowanikwa zuva rese nekusiyana zvichienderana nemakona ekupenya kwezuva uye PV panel positioning.Haikwanise kuburitsa chero simba mukati mehusiku nepo kubuda kwayo kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya mumwaka wechando uye pamazuva ane makore akawanda.Simba remhepo rinotambura pamwe nekushanduka-shanduka zvichienderana nekumhanya kwemhepo.Naizvozvo, mhinduro idzi dzinofanirwa kusanganiswa nemagetsi ekuchengetedza masisitimu kuitira kuchengetedza magetsi panguva yakaderera kubuda.
Chii chinonzi simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu?
Masimba ekuchengetedza magetsi anogona kuchengetedza simba kuitira kuti rizoshandiswa pane imwe nguva.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pachava nechimiro chekushandura simba pakati pesimba rakachengetwa uye simba rakapiwa.Muenzaniso wakajairika mabhatiri emagetsi akadai se lithium-ion mabhatiri kana lead-asidhi mabhatiri.Vanopa simba remagetsi kuburikidza nekuita kwemakemikari pakati pe electrode uye electrolyte.
Mabhatiri, kana BESS (bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu), inomiririra yakajairika nzira yekuchengetedza simba inoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.Imwe nzira yekuchengetera iripo yakaita semagetsi emagetsi anoshandura simba remvura rinochengetwa mudhamu kuita simba remagetsi.Mvura inodonha inoshandura flywheel yeturbine inoburitsa simba remagetsi.Mumwe muenzaniso igasi rakamanikidzwa, pakuburitswa gasi rinotenderedza vhiri reiyo turbine inogadzira simba.
Chii chinoparadzanisa mabhatiri kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza inzvimbo dzadzo dzinogona kushanda.Kubva kumidziyo midiki uye magetsi emagetsi emagetsi ekushandisa emumba uye mapurazi makuru ezuva, mabhatiri anogona kubatanidzwa zvisina musono kune chero off-grid yekuchengetedza application.Kune rimwe divi, hydropower uye compressed mweya nzira dzinoda yakakura kwazvo uye yakaoma zvivakwa zvekuchengetedza.Izvi zvinotungamira kumitengo yakakwira kwazvo inoda maapplication akakura kwazvo kuitira kuti ive yakarurama.
Shandisa makesi kune off-grid kuchengetedza masisitimu.
Sezvambotaurwa, off-grid yekuchengetedza masisitimu anogona kufambisa kushandiswa uye kuvimba nenzira dzesimba rinodzokororwa senge solar nemhepo simba.Zvakadaro, kune mamwe maapplication anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kubva kune akadaro masisitimu
Magetsi emagetsi emuguta anovavarira kupa huwandu hwakakodzera hwesimba zvichienderana nekupa uye kudiwa kweguta rega rega.Simba rinodiwa rinogona kuchinja zuva rose.Off-grid ekuchengetedza masisitimu akashandiswa kudzikisira kuchinjika uye kupa kugadzikana kwakanyanya mumamiriro ekunyanya kudiwa.Kubva pane mamwe maonero, kure-iyo grid kuchengetedza masisitimu anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kubhadharira chero isingatarisirwe kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi mune gidhi remagetsi guru kana panguva dzakarongwa dzekugadzirisa.Vanogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi pasina kutsvaga mamwe masimba emagetsi.Mumwe anogona kuita semuenzaniso dutu rechando reTexas mukutanga kwaKukadzi 2023 iro rakasiya vanhu vangangosvika 262 000 vasina simba, uku kugadzirisa kwakanonoka nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro ekunze.
Motokari dzemagetsi ndeimwe application.Vatsvaguri vakadira simba rakawanda kukwirisa kugadzira bhatiri uye kuchaja / kuburitsa nzira kuitira kuti vawedzere hupenyu uye kuwanda kwesimba remabhatiri.Lithium-ion mabhatiri anga ari pamberi pekuchinja kudiki uku uye akashandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari nyowani dzemagetsi asiwo mabhazi emagetsi.Mabhatiri arinani mune iyi kesi anogona kutungamira kune yakakura mamaira asi zvakare kuderedza nguva yekuchaja nehunyanzvi hwekuita.
Imwe budiriro yetekinoroji inoda maUAV uye marobhoti enhare akabatsirikana zvakanyanya kubva mukuvandudzwa kwebhatiri.Ikoko mafambiro ekufamba uye nzira dzekudzora dzinotsamira zvakanyanya pakugona kwebhatiri uye simba rinopihwa.
Chii chinonzi BESS
BESS kana bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu isimba rekuchengetedza simba rinogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza simba.Iri simba rinogona kubva kune guru grid kana kubva kune renewable simba sosi semhepo simba uye solar simba.Iyo inoumbwa nemabhatiri akawanda akarongwa mune akasiyana masisitimu (series/parallel) uye saizi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa.Iwo akabatana kune inverter iyo inoshandiswa kushandura iyo DC simba kune AC simba rekushandisa.Iyo bhatiri manejimendi system (BMS) inoshandiswa kutarisa mamiriro ebhatiri uye kuchaja / kuburitsa mashandiro.
Zvichienzaniswa nemamwe masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, iwo anonyanya kuchinjika kuisa / kubatanidza uye haadi inodhura zvakanyanya, asi anouya nemutengo wakakura uye anoda kugadziridzwa nguva nenguva zvichienderana nekushandiswa.
BESS saizi uye maitiro ekushandisa
Chinhu chakakosha kubata kana uchiisa bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system ndeye saizi.Mangani mabhatiri anodiwa?Muchii gadziriro?Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mhando yebhatiri inogona kuita basa rakakosha nekufamba kwenguva maererano nekuchengetedza mari uye kushanda nesimba.
Izvi zvinoitwa pane imwe nyaya-ne-kesi hwaro sezvo zvikumbiro zvinogona kubva kudzimba diki kusvika kune makuru maindasitiri zvirimwa.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa simba rekuvandudza simba kudzimba diki, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemudhorobha, izuva rinoshandisa photovoltaic panels.Injiniya aiwanzo funga nezveavhareji yekushandiswa kwesimba kwemba uye madhongi kupenya kwezuva gore rose kune chaiyo nzvimbo.Huwandu hwemabhatiri uye magadzirirwo awo egidhi anosarudzwa kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvemumba panguva yakadzikira solar magetsi egore asi isiri kudonhedza mabhatiri.Uku kufungidzira mhinduro yekuve nekuzvimiririra kwesimba rakazara kubva kune grid hombe.
Kuchengeta ine mwero mamiriro ekuchaja kana kusaburitsa zvachose mabhatiri chimwe chinhu chingave chakapikisa intuitive pakutanga.Mushure mezvose, sei kushandisa gadziriro yekuchengetedza kana isu tisingakwanise kuibvisa izere kugona?Mupfungwa zvinogoneka, asi zvingasava zano rinowedzera kudzoka pakudyara.
Imwe yezvakanyanya kuipa kweBESS mutengo wakakwirisa wemabhatiri.Naizvozvo, kusarudza tsika yekushandisa kana yekuchaja/kuburitsa nzira inowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri kwakakosha.Semuenzaniso, mabhatiri e-lead acid haagone kuburitswa pazasi pe50% kugona pasina kutambura nekukuvadzwa kusingagadzirike.Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane yakakwirira simba density, refu kutenderera upenyu.Ivo vanogona zvakare kuburitswa vachishandisa mazinga akakura, asi izvi zvinouya nemutengo wekuwedzera mutengo.Pane musiyano mukuru wemutengo pakati pemakemistri akasiyana, mabhatiri eeacid acid anogona kuita mazana kusvika kuzviuru zvemadhora zvakachipa pane lithium-ion bhatiri rehukuru hwakafanana.Ichi ndicho chikonzero mabhatiri ekutungamirira acid ari anonyanya kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwezuva munyika dze3rd yenyika uye nharaunda dzine urombo.
Iko kushanda kwebhatiri kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekuderedzwa panguva yehupenyu hwayo, haina kuita kwakadzikama kunopera nekutadza kamwe kamwe.Pane kudaro, kugona uye kupihwa kunogona kupera zvishoma nezvishoma.Mukuita, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunoonekwa kunge hwakapera kana kugona kwaro kwasvika 80% yekugona kwayo kwepakutanga.Mune mamwe mazwi, kana ikasangana ne20% kugona kupera.Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti simba rakaderera rinogona kupiwa.Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa nguva dzekushandiswa kwemasisitimu akazvimirira akazara uye huwandu hwemamaira inogona kuvharwa neEV.
Imwe pfungwa yokufunga nezvekuchengeteka.Nekufambira mberi mukugadzira uye tekinoroji, mabhatiri achangoburwa ave akagadzikana zvakanyanya mumakemikari.Nekudaro nekuda kwekuderedzwa uye kushungurudzwa nhoroondo, maseru anogona kupinda mukupisa kwekupisa izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune njodzi mhedzisiro uye mune dzimwe nguva kuisa hupenyu hwevatengi munjodzi.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero makambani akagadzira zvirinani kutarisisa bhatiri software (BMS) yekudzora mashandisirwo ebhatiri asi zvakare kuongorora mamiriro ehutano kuitira kuti vape kugadzirisa panguva uye kudzivirira mhedzisiro yakawedzera.
Mhedziso
Yegridhi-simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu inopa mukana wakakura wekuwana kusununguka kwesimba kubva kune iyo huru grid asiwo inopa backup sosi yesimba panguva yekuderera uye peak mutoro nguva.Kusimukira ikoko kwaizogonesa kusimuka kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasvibirira simba, nokudaro zvichidzikamisa kukanganiswa kwesimba rekugadzira mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze tichiri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba nekukura kwekushandisa.
Bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa uye ari nyore kugadzirisa kune akasiyana mazuva ese maapplication.Kuchinjika kwavo kwakakwira kunoverengerwa nemutengo wakakwira, zvichitungamira mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekutarisa kurebesa hupenyu hwakasiyana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.Parizvino, indasitiri nedzidzo vari kudurura kuedza kwakawanda kuongorora uye kunzwisisa kuderedzwa kwebhatiri pasi pemamiriro akasiyana.
