Fungidzira uchiwana gomba rako rekutanga-mu-rimwe, wozongoona kuti unofanira kutakura makirabhu ako egorofu kuenda kune rimwe gomba nekuti mabhatiri engoro yegorofu akafa. Izvozvo zvechokwadi zvaizoderedza manzwiro. Dzimwe ngoro dzegorofu dzine injini diki yepeturu nepo dzimwe mhando dzichishandisa mota dzemagetsi. Iwo ekupedzisira ari eco-hushamwari, ari nyore kuchengetedza, uye akanyarara. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ngoro dzegorofu dzave dzichishandiswa pamayunivhesiti uye zvivakwa zvakakura, kwete panhandare yegorofu chete.
Chinhu chakakosha ibhatiri rinoshandiswa sezvo rinoraira kunyemwerera kwengoro yegorofu uye kumhanya kwepamusoro. Bhatiri rega rega rine humwe hupenyu hunoenderana netypeof chemistry uye confguraton yakashandiswa.Mutengi angangoda kuva nehupenyu hwepamusoro-soro hunobvira nechiyero chakaderera chekugadzirisa chinodiwa. Hongu, izvi hazviuye zvakachipa, uye zvibvumirano zvinodikanwa. Zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa pakati penguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu kushandiswa kwebhatiri.
Kuti bhatiri richagara rakawanda sei maererano nekushandiswa kwenguva pfupi inoshandurwa kuti maira mangani anogona kuvharwa nengoro yegorofu isati yachaja bhatiri. Iko kushandiswa kwenguva refu kunoratidza kuti mangani ekuchaja-kuburitsa madhizaini anogona kutsigira bhatiri risati radzikisira nekutadza. Kufungidzira iyo gare gare, hurongwa hwemagetsi uye rudzi rwemabhatiri anoshandiswa zvinoda kufungwa.
Gorofu ngoro yemagetsi system
Kuti uzive kuti mabhatiri engoro yegorofu anogara kwenguva yakareba sei, zvakakosha kufunga nezve hurongwa hwemagetsi iyo bhatiri chikamu che. Iyo yemagetsi sisitimu inoumbwa nemagetsi mota uye yakabatana nebhatiri pack yakagadzirwa nemasero ebhatiri mune akasiyana masisitimu. Mamota emagetsi anoshandiswa kungoro dzegorofu akaiswa pa36 volts kana 48 volts.
Kazhinji, mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzinokwevera chero pakati pe50-70 amps painomhanya nemazino ekumhanya kwemaira gumi nemashanu paawa. Izvi zvakadaro fungidziro yakakura sezvo paine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kudyiwa kweinjini. Mhando yenzvimbo nematai anoshandiswa, kushanda zvakanaka kwemota, uye huremu hwakatakurwa zvinogona kukanganisa mutoro unoshandiswa neinjini. Uye zvakare, zvinodikanwa zvemutoro zvinowedzera painjini kutanga-up uye panguva yekumhanyisa zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro ekufamba. Zvinhu zvese izvi zvinoita kuti mashandisirwo emagetsi einjini ave mashoma. Ichi ndicho chikonzero muzviitiko zvakawanda, bhatiri pack rinoshandiswa rakawandisa (safety factor) ne20% kuchengetedza mamiriro ekuda kwakanyanya.
Izvi zvinodiwa zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwemhando yebhatiri. Bhatiri rinofanira kunge riine mwero wakakwana kupa mileage yakakura kumushandisi. Inofanirawo kukwanisa kumira nekukasira kukwira kwekudiwa kwemagetsi. Zvimwe zvinotsvakwa zvinosanganisira huremu hwakaderera hwemabhatiri pack, kugona kumhanyisa kuchaja, uye kuderera kwekugadzirisa zvinodiwa.
Kuwedzerwa uye kamwe kamwe kushandiswa kwezviremera zvakakwirira kunopfupisa hupenyu hwemabhatiri pasinei nemakemikari. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvakanyanya kukanganisa kutenderera kwekutyaira, ipfupi bhatiri rinogara.
Mhando dzebhatiri
Pamusoro pekutenderera kwekutyaira uye kushandiswa kweinjini, mhando yekemikari yebhatiri inoraira kuti inguva yakareba seigorofu ngoro bhatirizvichagara. Kune akawanda mabhatiri aripo pamusika anogona kushandiswa kumhanya ngoro dzegorofu. Mapaketi akajairika ane mabhatiri akaiswa pa6V, 8V, uye 12V. Mhando yekumisikidzwa kwepakiti uye sero rinoshandiswa rinoraira kuyerwa kwepakeji. Kune makemikari akasiyana anowanikwa, anowanzo: mabhatiri e-lead-acid, lithium-ion mabhatiri, uye AGM lead-acid.
Lead-asidhi mabhatiri
Ndiwo akachipa uye anonyanya kushandiswa mhando yebhatiri pamusika. Vane hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwemakore 2-5, akaenzana ne500-1200 cycles. Izvi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandisa; Hazvikurudzirwe kuburitsa pazasi pe50% yebhatiri simba uye usambofa uri pasi pe20% yehuwandu hwese sezvo ichikonzera kukuvadzwa kusingadzoreki kuma electrode. Saka, huwandu hwakazara hwebhatiri hahuna kumboshandiswa. Pachiyero chimwe chetecho, mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi aizopa mileage ipfupi kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emabhatiri.
Vane simba rakaderera remagetsi zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mabhatiri. Mune mamwe mazwi, bhatiri paki yemabhatiri e-lead acid ichave nehuremu hwepamusoro kana ichienzaniswa nehukuru hwakafanana hwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Izvi zvinokanganisa mashandiro emagetsi engoro yegorofu. Dzinofanirwa kugara dzichichengetwa, kunyanya nekuwedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kuchengetedza chiyero che electrolyte.
Lithium-ion mabhatiri
Lithium-ion mabhatiri anodhura zvakanyanya kana achienzaniswa nemabhatiri e-lead-asidhi asi nechikonzero chakanaka. Ivo vane yakakwira simba density zvichireva kuti vakareruka, vanogona zvakare kubata zvirinani masurges makuru emagetsi anodiwa anowanzo kumhanyisa panguva yekutyaira uye yekutanga mamiriro. Lithium-ion mabhatiri anogona kugara chero pakati pemakore gumi kusvika makumi maviri zvichienderana nekuchaja protocol, maitiro ekushandisa, uye kutonga kwebhatiri. Imwe mukana ndeye kugona kuburitsa ingangoita 100% nekukuvadza kushoma kana uchienzaniswa nelead acid. Nekudaro, iyo inorumbidza yekuchaja-yekuburitsa chikamu inoramba iri 80-20% yehuwandu hwehuwandu.
Mutengo wavo wepamusoro uchiri kutendeuka kune diki kana yakaderera-giredhi ngoro dzegorofu. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanonyanya kubatwa nekupisa kwekupisa kana kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri e-lead-acid nekuda kwemakemikari anoshandiswa zvikuru anoshandiswa. Thermal runaway inogona kuitika kana yanyanya kudzikira kana kushungurudzwa, sekurovera ngoro yegorofu. Izvo ndezvekucherechedza zvisinei kuti mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi haapi dziviriro kana kupisa kwemhepo kunotiza nepo lithium-ion mabhatiri anowanzo kuve akashongedzerwa nebhatiri manejimendi system inogona kuchengetedza bhatiri kusati kwatanga kupisa kwekupisa mune mamwe mamiriro.
Kuzvibvisa wega kunogona kuitikawo sezvo bhatiri rinodzikira. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu huripo uye nekudaro mileage yese inogoneka pangoro yegorofu. Iyo nzira asi inononoka kukura neyakakura incubation nguva. Pamabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogara 3000-5000 cycles, inofanira kunge iri nyore kuona uye kushandura bhatiri pack kana kukanganisa kwapfuura miganhu inogamuchirwa.
Deep-cycle lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) mabhatiri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira ngoro dzegorofu. Aya mabhatiri akagadzirirwa chaizvo kupa yakatsiga uye yakavimbika ikozvino kubuda. Iyo chemistry yelithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) yakatsvakwa zvakanyanya uye iri pakati peakanyanya kugamuchirwa lithium-ion bhatiri chemistries. Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha e lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri ndiyo yakawedzera kuchengetedza maitiro. Kushandiswa kweLiFePO4 chemistry kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekutiza kwekushisa nekuda kwekugadzikana kweiyo lithium iron phosphate, tichifunga kuti hapana kukuvara kwakananga kwemuviri kwakaitika.
Yakadzika-kutenderera lithium iron phosphate inoratidza mamwe maitiro anodiwa. Vane hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera, zvichireva kuti vanogona kushingirira nhamba yakakosha yekuchaja uye kuburitsa ma cycles vasati varatidza zviratidzo zvekudzikira. Mukuwedzera, ivo vane hunyanzvi hwekuita kana zvasvika kune yakakwira simba zvinodiwa. Ivo vanogona kubata nemakumbiro makuru emagetsi anodiwa panguva yekumhanyisa kana mamwe mamiriro epamusoro-anowanzo sangana mukushandiswa kwengoro dzegorofu. Aya maitiro anonyanya kukwezva kune ngoro dzegorofu dzine mitengo yakakwira yekushandisa.
AGM
AGM inomirira mabhatiri egirazi akabatwa. Iwo akavharwa shanduro dze lead-asidhi mabhatiri, iyo electrolyte (asidhi) inobatwa uye inobatwa mukati megirazi mat separator, inoiswa pakati pemahwendefa ebhatiri. Iyi dhizaini inobvumira bhatiri-risingapindike, sezvo electrolyte isingafambi uye haigone kuyerera zvakasununguka semabhatiri echinyakare akazara nelead-asidhi. Vanoda kuchengetedzwa kushoma uye kuchaja kusvika kashanu nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhatiri akajairwa-asidhi. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri runogona kusvika kumakore manomwe.Zvisinei, inouya pamutengo wakakwirira neine zvishoma zvinowedzerwa kushanda.
Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, mabhatiri engoro yegorofu anoraira kuita kwengoro yegorofu, kunyanya mileage yayo. Izvo zvakakosha kufungidzira kuti bhatiri rengoro yegorofu richagara kwenguva yakareba sei pakuronga kugadzirisa uye kufunga. Lithium ion mabhatiri anopa kuita kwakanakisa uye hupenyu hurefu hwakareba zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi akajairika emabhatiri pamusika senge lead-asidhi. Mutengo wavo wakakwira unoenderana, zvisinei, ungaratidza kuti wakakura kwazvo pane chipingamupinyi pakushandiswa kwavo mungoro dzegorofu dzinodhura. Vatengi vanovimba mune iyi kesi pakuwedzera lead acid yebhatiri hupenyu nekugadzirisa kwakaringana uye vanotarisira shanduko dzakawanda dzebhatiri mapaketi mukati mehupenyu hwengoro yegorofu.
Chinyorwa chine hukama:
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