Mu myaka 50 ishize, hagaragaye ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ku isi, aho bivugwa ko hazakoreshwa amasaha agera kuri 25.300 ya terawatt mu mwaka wa 2021. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda 4.0, hiyongereyeho ingufu z’ingufu ku isi hose. Iyi mibare iriyongera buri mwaka, hatabariwemo ingufu zingufu zinganda nizindi nzego zubukungu. Ihinduka ry’inganda hamwe n’ingufu zikoreshwa cyane hamwe n’ingaruka zifatika z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bitewe n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugeza ubu, inganda n’ibikoresho byinshi bitanga ingufu zishingiye cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa biva mu kirere (peteroli na gaze) kugira ngo bishoboke. Izi mpungenge z’ikirere zibuza kongera ingufu hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe. Niyo mpamvu, iterambere rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizewe kandi zizewe zabaye ingenzi cyane kugirango habeho itangwa ryingufu kandi ryizewe riva mumasoko ashobora kuvugururwa.

Urwego rw'ingufu rwashubije rwerekeza ku mbaraga zishobora kubaho cyangwa “icyatsi”. Inzibacyuho yafashijwe nubuhanga bunoze bwo gukora, biganisha kurugero rwo gukora neza ibyuma byumuyaga wa turbine. Nanone, abashakashatsi bashoboye kunoza imikorere ya selile yifotora, biganisha ku gutanga ingufu nziza kuri buri gace gakoreshwa. Mu 2021, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) yiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, agera kuri 179 TWh kandi agaragaza ubwiyongere bwa 22% ugereranije na 2020. Ubu buryo bwa Solar PV ubu bugera kuri 3,6% by'amashanyarazi ku isi kandi kuri ubu ni ubwa gatatu mu byongerewe ingufu. isoko y'ingufu nyuma y'amashanyarazi n'umuyaga.

Nyamara, izi ntambwe ntizikemura bimwe mubibi biterwa na sisitemu yingufu zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane kuboneka. Benshi murubwo buryo ntabwo butanga ingufu kubisabwa nkamakara namashanyarazi. Imirasire y'izuba ni urugero ruboneka umunsi wose hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bitewe nurumuri rwizuba rwizuba hamwe na panne ya PV. Ntishobora kubyara ingufu nijoro mugihe umusaruro wacyo wagabanutse cyane mugihe cyitumba no kumunsi wijimye. Imbaraga z'umuyaga zibabazwa no guhindagurika bitewe n'umuvuduko wumuyaga. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo bigomba guhuzwa na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango bikomeze gutanga ingufu mugihe gito gisohoka.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubika ingufu?

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora kubika ingufu kugirango ikoreshwe nyuma. Rimwe na rimwe, hazabaho uburyo bwo guhindura ingufu hagati yingufu zabitswe hamwe ningufu zitangwa. Urugero rukunze kugaragara ni bateri yamashanyarazi nka bateri ya lithium-ion cyangwa bateri ya aside-aside. Zitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chimique hagati ya electrode na electrolyte.

Batteri, cyangwa BESS (sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri), byerekana uburyo busanzwe bwo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ubundi buryo bwo kubika burahari nkibimera bitanga ingufu zihindura ingufu zamazi yabitswe murugomero ingufu zamashanyarazi. Amazi aguye azahindura isazi ya turbine itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Urundi rugero ni gaze isunitswe, iyo irekuwe gaze izahindura uruziga rwa turbine itanga ingufu.

Ikitandukanya bateri nubundi buryo bwo kubika ni aho bashobora gukorera. Kuva mubikoresho bito hamwe no gutanga amashanyarazi kumashanyarazi murugo hamwe nimirima minini yizuba, bateri zirashobora guhuzwa ntakintu na kimwe kibikwa hanze ya gride. Kurundi ruhande, hydropower hamwe nuburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere bisaba ibikorwa remezo binini kandi bigoye kubika. Ibi biganisha ku giciro kinini cyane gisaba porogaramu nini cyane kugirango kibe gifite ishingiro.

Koresha imanza kuri sisitemu yo kubika hanze.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, sisitemu yo kubika hanze ya grid irashobora koroshya imikoreshereze no kwishingikiriza kuburyo bushya bwingufu nkizuba nizuba. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari izindi porogaramu zishobora kungukirwa cyane na sisitemu

Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wo mu mujyi ugamije gutanga ingufu zikwiye zishingiye ku itangwa n'ibisabwa muri buri mujyi. Imbaraga zisabwa zirashobora guhinduka umunsi wose. Sisitemu yo kubika hanze ya gride yakoreshejwe muguhuza ihindagurika no gutanga umutekano muke mugihe gikenewe cyane. Urebye ukundi, sisitemu yo kubika gride irashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane kugirango yishyure amakosa yose ya tekiniki atunguranye mumashanyarazi nyamukuru cyangwa mugihe cyateganijwe cyo kuyitaho. Barashobora kuzuza ibisabwa ingufu batiriwe bashakisha ubundi buryo butanga ingufu. Umuntu arashobora gutanga urugero nkumuyaga wa Texas mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 2023 wahitanye abantu bagera kuri 262 000 badafite amashanyarazi, mugihe gusana byatinze kubera ibihe bitoroshye.

Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nibindi bikorwa. Abashakashatsi bashyizeho ingufu nyinshi kugirango bongere ingufu zo gukora bateri no kwishyuza / gusohora ingamba kugirango bagabanye igihe nubuzima bwa bateri. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion yabaye ku isonga muri iyi mpinduramatwara nto kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu modoka nshya z'amashanyarazi ariko na bisi z'amashanyarazi. Batteri nziza muriki kibazo irashobora kuganisha kuri mileage ariko nanone igabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryiza.

Izindi terambere ryikoranabuhanga rikunda UAV na robot zigendanwa byungukiwe cyane niterambere rya bateri. Hano ingamba zo kugenzura hamwe ningamba zo kugenzura zishingiye cyane kubushobozi bwa bateri nimbaraga zitangwa.

NIKI CYIZA

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za BESS cyangwa bateri ni uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa mu kubika ingufu. Izi mbaraga zishobora guturuka kuri gride nkuru cyangwa mumasoko yingufu zishobora kubaho nkingufu zumuyaga ningufu zizuba. Igizwe na bateri nyinshi zitunganijwe muburyo butandukanye (urukurikirane / parallel) kandi rufite ubunini bushingiye kubisabwa. Bahujwe na inverter ikoreshwa muguhindura ingufu za DC imbaraga za AC kugirango ikoreshwe. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ikoreshwa mugukurikirana imiterere ya bateri nigikorwa cyo kwishyuza / gusohora.

Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kubika ingufu, biroroshye cyane gushyira / guhuza kandi ntibisaba ibikorwa remezo bihenze cyane, ariko biracyaza kubiciro bitari bike kandi bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe bishingiye kumikoreshereze.

Ingano nini ningeso yo gukoresha

Ingingo y'ingenzi yo gukemura mugihe ushyizeho sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ni nini. Harakenewe bateri zingahe? Ni ubuhe buryo? Rimwe na rimwe, ubwoko bwa batiri burashobora kugira uruhare runini mugihe kirekire mubijyanye no kuzigama no gukora neza

Ibi bikorwa buri kibazo kuko ibisabwa bishobora kuva mu ngo nto kugeza ku nganda nini.

Inkomoko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ingo nto, cyane cyane mumijyi, ni izuba ukoresheje panne ya foto. Injeniyeri muri rusange yatekereza ku kigereranyo cyo gukoresha ingufu z'urugo kandi akavuga ko imirasire y'izuba mu mwaka wose ahantu runaka. Umubare wa bateri hamwe nibikoresho bya gride byatoranijwe kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byurugo mugihe amashanyarazi make yizuba yumwaka mugihe adakuyemo bateri. Ibi bifata igisubizo cyo kugira imbaraga zuzuye zigenga kuva gride nkuru.

Kugumana uburyo buringaniye bwo kwishyuza cyangwa kudasohora bateri burundu nikintu gishobora kuba kibangikanye mbere. Ubwose, kuki ukoresha sisitemu yo kubika niba tudashobora kuyikuramo ubushobozi bwuzuye? Mubyigisho birashoboka, ariko ntibishobora kuba ingamba zunguka cyane inyungu zishoramari.

Imwe mungaruka nyamukuru za BESS nigiciro kinini cya bateri. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ingeso yo gukoresha cyangwa ingamba zo kwishyuza / gusohora byongera igihe cya bateri igihe cyose. Kurugero, bateri ya aside aside ntishobora gusohoka munsi yubushobozi bwa 50% utiriwe wangirika bidasubirwaho. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ifite ingufu nyinshi, ubuzima burebure. Barashobora kandi gusezererwa bakoresheje intera nini, ariko ibi biza kubiciro byongerewe igiciro. Hariho itandukaniro ryinshi mubiciro hagati ya chimisties zitandukanye, bateri ya aside aside irashobora kuba amadorari amagana kugeza kubihumbi bihendutse kuruta bateri ya lithium-ion ingana. Niyo mpamvu bateri ya aside irike ikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha izuba mubihugu bya 3 byisi ndetse nabaturage batishoboye.

Imikorere ya bateri yibasiwe cyane no kwangirika mugihe cyubuzima bwayo, ntabwo ifite imikorere ihamye irangirana no gutsindwa gutunguranye. Ahubwo, ubushobozi nibitangwa birashobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Mubikorwa, igihe cya bateri igihe cyo kubaho gifatwa nkicyashize iyo ubushobozi bwacyo bugera kuri 80% yubushobozi bwambere. Muyandi magambo, iyo ihuye nubushobozi bwa 20%. Mubikorwa, ibi bivuze ko imbaraga nke zishobora gutangwa. Ibi birashobora guhindura ibihe byo gukoresha sisitemu yigenga byuzuye hamwe nubunini bwa mileage EV ishobora gutwikira.

Indi ngingo tugomba gusuzuma ni umutekano. Hamwe niterambere mu nganda n’ikoranabuhanga, bateri ziheruka muri rusange zahagaze neza mu buryo bwa shimi. Nyamara, kubera gutesha agaciro no gukoresha nabi amateka, selile zirashobora kujya mumashanyarazi zishobora gutera ingaruka mbi kandi rimwe na rimwe bigashyira ubuzima bwabaguzi mukaga.

Niyo mpamvu ibigo byashyizeho porogaramu nziza yo gukurikirana bateri (BMS) kugirango igenzure imikoreshereze ya batiri ariko ikanagenzura uko ubuzima bwifashe kugirango itange igihe kandi irinde ingaruka zikomeye.

Umwanzuro

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride itanga amahirwe akomeye yo kugera kubwigenge bwamashanyarazi kuva kuri gride nkuru ariko ikanatanga isoko yinyuma yingufu mugihe cyo kugabanuka no mugihe cyo gutwara ibintu. Hano hari iterambere ryorohereza impinduka zerekeza ku masoko y’ingufu zitoshye, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka z’ingufu zituruka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe zikomeje kubahiriza ingufu z’ingufu hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa.

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri nizo zikoreshwa cyane kandi byoroshye kugenera porogaramu zitandukanye za buri munsi. Ihinduka ryabo ryinshi rihanganye nigiciro cyinshi ugereranije, biganisha kumajyambere yingamba zo gukurikirana kugirango zongere igihe cyigihe gishoboka. Kugeza ubu, inganda na za kaminuza zirimo gushyira ingufu nyinshi mu gukora iperereza no gusobanukirwa iyangirika rya batiri mu bihe bitandukanye.