Mu myaka 50 ishize, habaye ubwiyongere bukomeza bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi ku isi, hamwe n'amasaha agera kuri 25.300 mu mwaka wa 2021. Hamwe n'inzibacyuho mu nganda 4.0, hari ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zisaba ku isi yose. Iyi mibare iriyongera buri mwaka, ntabwo harimo n'ibisabwa n'imbaraga z'inganda n'izindi nkunga. Iyi mbaraga yinganda ninganda zijyanye ningaruka zifatika zifatika zifatika ziterwa n'umwuka mwinshi wa parike. Kugeza ubu, ibihingwa byinshi byamazu hamwe nibibazo byigitsina gahasumiwe cyane kumasoko yamavuta (peteroli na gaze) kugirango babone ibyo ibyo bisabwa. Iyi mihindagurikire y'ikirere ibuza ibisekuru by'ingufu ukoresheje uburyo busanzwe. Rero, iterambere ryububiko bwingufu kandi cyizewe ryarushijeho kuba ingenzi kugirango habeho imbaraga zikomeza kandi zizewe ziva mumasoko zishobora kuvugururwa.
Urwego rwingufu rwashubije muguhindura imbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa "icyatsi". Inzibacyuho yafashijwe nuburyo bunoze bwo gukora, biganisha ku karugeromo kugirango ukore ingamba zikora neza. Nanone, abashakashatsi bashoboye kunoza imikorere y'ingirabuzimafatizo za Photovoltaic, biganisha ku mbaraga nziza ku gasuka. Muri 2021, amashanyarazi kuva izuba ryinshi (pv) yiyongereye (PV) yiyongereye cyane, agera ku mashanyarazi ya 22%. Inkomoko y'ingufu nyuma hydropower n'umuyaga.
Ariko, ibyo bitera ntibikemura bimwe mubibi byibisubizo bya sisitemu yo kuvugurura, cyane cyane kuboneka. Ibyinshi muri ubwo buryo ntabwo bitanga imbaraga kubisabwa nkamahoro namashanyarazi. Imirasire y'izuba ni urugero ruboneka umunsi wose hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bitewe n'impanuka izuba hamwe na PV. Ntishobora kubyara imbaraga iyo ari yo yose nijoro mugihe ibisohoka byayo bigabanuka cyane mugihe cyimbeho no muminsi yijimye cyane. Imbaraga z'umuyaga zirababazwa no guhindagurika bitewe numuvuduko wumuyaga. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo bigomba guhuzwa na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango dukomeze gutanga imbaraga mugihe cyibiruhuko bike.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ni iki?
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora kubika ingufu kugirango zikoreshwe mugice cya nyuma. Rimwe na rimwe, hazabaho ingufu zingufu zijyanye n'ingufu zabitswe kandi zitangwa ingufu. Urugero Rusange ni bateri yamashanyarazi nka baterium-ion bateri cyangwa bateri-acide. Batanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi muburyo bwo gutekereza kumiti hagati ya electrode na electrolyte.
Bateri, cyangwa bess (sisitemu yo kubika ingufu), igereranya uburyo bukunze kubika ingufu bukoreshwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ubundi buryo bwo kubika bubaho nkibimera bya hydropower byerekana imbaraga zishobora gutukwa mu ruvumero mu mbaraga z'amashanyarazi. Amazi agwa azahindura isazi ya turbine itanga ingufu zamashanyarazi. Urundi rugero rugizwe na gaze, nyuma yo kurekura gaze izahindura uruziga rwa turbine rutanga imbaraga.
Niki gitandukanya batteri muburyo bwo kububiko nibishobora gukora. Biturutse kubikoresho bito hamwe nimbaraga zimodoka zikoreshwa murugo hamwe nimirima minini yizuba, bateri irashobora guhuzwa bidafite ububi bwabigenewe. Kurundi ruhande, hydropower hamwe nuburyo bwo guhunika busaba ibikorwa remezo binini cyane kandi bigoye kububiko. Ibi biganisha kumafaranga menshi bisaba gusaba binini kugirango bitsindishirizwe.
Koresha imanza zo kubika sigeriya.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, sisitemu yo kubika impongo irashobora koroshya imikoreshereze no kwishingikiriza ku buryo bushoboka bwingufu nkizuba nimbaraga zumuyaga. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hariho izindi porogaramu zishobora kungukirwa cyane na sisitemu
Uburinganizi bwumujyi bugamije gutanga imbaraga zikwiye zishingiye kubitanga nibisabwa muri buri mujyi. Imbaraga zisabwa zirashobora guhinduka umunsi wose. Sisitemu yo kubika imbohe yakoreshejwe mu kwikuramo ihindagurika no gutanga umutekano mu manza zisabwa. Uhereye ku buryo butandukanye, hanze ya sisitemu yo kubika gride birashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane yo kwishyura amafaranga yose ya tekiniki mu mashanyarazi cyangwa mugihe cyo kubungabunga. Bashobora kubahiriza ibisabwa byemewe bataba bagiye gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo gutanga ingufu. Umuntu arashobora kuvuga urugero rwa Texas Ice Inkubi y'umuyaga mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 2023 yasize abantu bagera ku 262 000 badafite imbaraga, naho basana byatinze kubera ibihe bigoye.
Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ni ubundi buryo. Abashakashatsi basutse imbaraga nyinshi zo guhitamo ingamba zo gukora bateri no kwishyuza / gusezererwa kugirango babone ubuzima bwiza hamwe n'ububasha bwo gucuranga amashanyarazi. Batteri-ion ion yabaye ku isonga ryayi mpinduramatwara nto kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mumodoka nshya zamashanyarazi ariko nanone na bisi zamashanyarazi. Batteri nziza muriki kibazo irashobora kuganisha kuri mileage nini ariko nanone kugabanya ibihe byo gushyuza hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryiza.
IZINDI Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikunda uavs na mobile ya mobile yungukiwe cyane niterambere rya bateri. Hano hari ingamba zo kugenzura no kugenzura ingamba zishingiye cyane ku bushobozi bwa bateri n'imbaraga zatanzwe.
Ni iki
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ni sisitemu yububiko bwingufu zishobora gukoreshwa mu kubika ingufu. Izi mbaraga zishobora guturuka kuri gride nkuru cyangwa ingufu zishobora kongerwa nkimbaraga zumuyaga nimbaraga zizuba. Igizwe na bateri nyinshi zateguwe muburyo butandukanye (urukurikirane / parallel) hamwe nubunini bushingiye kubisabwa. Bahujwe na inverter ikoreshwa muguhindura DC imbaraga za AC kugakoreshwa. ASisitemu yo Gucunga Bateri (BMS)ikoreshwa mugukurikirana ibihe bya bateri no kwishyuza / gusohora.
Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kubika ingufu, birahinduka cyane / guhuza kandi ntibisaba ibikorwa remezo bihenze cyane, ariko baracyaza kubikorwa byinshi kandi bisaba kubitunganya buri gihe ukurikije imikoreshereze.
Ingeso mbi
Ingingo y'ingenzi yo gukemura mugihe cyo kubika ingufu za bateri ingufu ni iz. Batteri zingahe? Ni mu buhe buryo? Rimwe na rimwe, ubwoko bwa bateri burashobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mugihe kirekire mubijyanye no kuzigama kugura no gukora neza
Ibi bikorwa ku rubanza-ku-rubanza rushobora kuva mu ngo nto mu ngo nto z'inganda zinganda.
Inkomoko yingufu nyinshi zishobora kongerwa kumiryango nto, cyane cyane mumijyi, ni izuba rikoresha panevultaic. Injeniyeri muri rusange asuzume impuzandengo y'imari yo mu rugo kandi igera ku mirasire y'izuba yumwaka kumwanya wihariye. Umubare wa bateri hamwe niboneza ryabo batoranijwe kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo byurugo mugihe cyizuba ryizuba ryizuba ryumwaka mugihe bitagukaga bateri. Ibi bifata igisubizo cyo kwigenga byuzuye na gride nkuru.
Kugumana imiterere ugereranije cyangwa itarangije rwose bateri ni ikintu gishobora kuba kibanje kubanza. NYUMA YOSE, kuki ukoresha sisitemu yo kubika niba tudashobora kuyikuramo ubushobozi bwuzuye? Mubitekerezo birashoboka, ariko ntibishobora kuba ingamba zongereye kugaruka ku ishoramari.
Kimwe mubibi byingenzi bya bess nigiciro kinini cya bateri. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ingeso yo gukoresha cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwishyuza / gusenya byiyongera kuri bateri yubuzima bwa bateri ni ngombwa. Kurugero, kuyobora bateri ya aside ntishobora gusohoka munsi yubushobozi bwa 50% bitarwaye hatabayeho kwangirika. Batteri-ion ion ifite imbaraga nyinshi zingufu, ubuzima burebure. Barashobora kandi gusezererwa bakoresheje ururimi runini, ariko ibi biza kukiguzi cyo kwiyongera. Hariho itandukaniro rinini mubiciro hagati ya chemiste itandukanye, kuyobora bateri ya aside birashobora kuba amagana kumadorari ibihumbi bihendutse kuruta bateri ya lithium-ion yubunini. Niyo mpamvu bateri ya aside arid ikoreshwa cyane mubyiciro byizuba mu bihugu bya 3 byisi ndetse nimiryango ikennye.
Imikorere ya bateri iragira ingaruka zikomeye kubera kwangirika mugihe cyubuzima bwayo, ntabwo ifite imikorere ihamye irangirana no kunanirwa gutunguranye. Ahubwo, ubushobozi kandi butangwa birashobora gucika buhoro buhoro. Mubikorwa, ubuzima bwa bateri bufatwa nkaho bwarangiye mugihe ubushobozi bwayo bugera kuri 80% byubushobozi bwambere. Muyandi magambo, mugihe bihuye nubushobozi 20%. Mubikorwa, ibi bivuze imbaraga nkeya zishobora gutangwa. Ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka mubihe byakoreshwa muburyo bwigenga kandi ingano ya mileage an irashobora gutwikira.
Indi ngingo yo gusuzuma ni umutekano. Hamwe niterambere ryibikorwa nikoranabuhanga, bateri ziheruka muri rusange byarahagaze neza. Nyamara kubera gutesha agaciro no guhohoterwa, selile irashobora kujya munzira yubushyuhe ishobora gutera ibisubizo bibi kandi mubihe bimwe na bimwe byashyize ubuzima bwabaguzi mukaga.
Niyo mpamvu ibigo byateje porogaramu nziza yo gukurikirana bateri (BMS) yo kugenzura imikoreshereze ya bateri ariko nanone igenzura imiterere yubuzima kugirango itange iterambere ku gihe kandi irinde ingaruka mbi.
Umwanzuro
Ya sisitemu yo kubika muri gride itanga amahirwe akomeye yo kugera ku bwigenge bw'imbaraga kuri gride nkuru ariko nanone itanga isoko y'imbaraga mugihe cyo hasi no mubihe bya peak. Ngaho iterambere ryorohereza guhindura imbeba mvuka ingufu, bityo rikagabanya ingaruka zingufu zingufu kumihindagurikire y'ikirere mugihe gihuye nibisabwa byingufu hamwe no gukura guhora mugutezimbere.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri niyo ikoreshwa cyane kandi byoroshye gushiraho kubintu bitandukanye bya buri munsi. Guhinduka kwabo gusubukurwa bivugururwa nigiciro kinini ugereranije, biganisha ku iterambere ryo gukurikirana ingamba zo kwiyongera ubuzima bwe bushoboka. Kugeza ubu, inganda na kaminuza bisuka imbaraga nyinshi zo gukora iperereza no kumva gutesha agaciro bateri mubihe bitandukanye.
Ingingo ifitanye isano:
Imbaraga nyinshi zirashobora kongerwa: Uruhare rwububiko bwa bateri
Nigute ikamyo ishobora kongerwa byose-amashanyarazi agu (ingufu za auxiliary) Ikibazo gisanzwe as
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya bateri rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Marine
