Iterambere muri tekinoroji ya batiri ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja

Ijambo ry'ibanze

Mugihe isi ihindagurika igana ingufu zicyatsi kibisi, bateri ya lithium yarushijeho kwitabwaho. Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bimaze imyaka irenga icumi byibanze, ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi mumiterere yinyanja bwarirengagijwe. Nyamara, habayeho kwiyongera mubushakashatsi bwibanda ku gukoresha neza ububiko bwa batiri ya lithium no kwishyuza protocole kubikorwa bitandukanye byubwato. Litiyumu-ion ya fosifate ya bateri yimbitse muriki gihe irashimishije cyane kubera ubwinshi bwingufu nyinshi, imiti ihamye, hamwe nubuzima bwigihe kirekire nkuko bisabwa cyane na sisitemu yo gutwara inyanja

Nkuko kwishyiriraho bateri yububiko bwa lithium bigenda byiyongera, niko no gushyira mubikorwa amabwiriza kugirango umutekano ube. ISO / TS 23625 nimwe mumabwiriza nkaya yibanda ku guhitamo bateri, kwishyiriraho, n'umutekano. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko umutekano ari uwambere mugihe cyo gukoresha bateri ya lithium, cyane cyane kubyerekeye ingaruka zumuriro.

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja zirimo kuba igisubizo gikunzwe cyane mu nganda zo mu nyanja uko isi igenda igana ahazaza heza kandi h’ibidukikije. Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, sisitemu zagenewe kubika ingufu mumazi yinyanja kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, kuva gutwara amato nubwato kugeza gutanga ingufu zokugarura mugihe byihutirwa.

Ubwoko bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja ni batiri ya lithium-ion, kubera ingufu nyinshi, ubwizerwe, n'umutekano. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irashobora kandi guhuzwa kugirango ihuze ingufu zisabwa zikoreshwa mumazi atandukanye.

Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi za sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja nubushobozi bwabo bwo gusimbuza moteri ya mazutu. Ukoresheje bateri ya lithium-ion, sisitemu irashobora gutanga isoko yizewe kandi irambye kumashanyarazi atandukanye. Ibi birimo imbaraga zifasha, gucana, nibindi bikenerwa namashanyarazi mubwato cyangwa mubwato. Usibye izi porogaramu, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja zishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukoresha amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi, bigatuma iba inzira nziza ya moteri isanzwe ya mazutu. Birakwiriye cyane cyane kumato mato akorera mukarere ugereranije.

Muri rusange, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize inzibacyuho irambye kandi yangiza ibidukikije mu nganda zo mu nyanja.

Ibyiza bya bateri ya lithium

Kimwe mu byiza bigaragara byo gukoresha bateri yo kubika lithium ugereranije na moteri ya mazutu ni ukubura imyuka yangiza na parike. Niba bateri zashizwemo hakoreshejwe amasoko meza nka panneaux solaire cyangwa turbine yumuyaga, birashobora kuba ingufu 100%. Ntabwo nazo zihenze muburyo bwo kubungabunga hamwe nibice bike. Zibyara urusaku ruke cyane, bigatuma biba byiza mugihe cya docking hafi yimiturire cyangwa ituwe.

Ububiko Bateri ya Litiyumu ntabwo ari ubwoko bwonyine bwa bateri zishobora gukoreshwa. Mubyukuri, sisitemu ya batiri yo mu nyanja irashobora kugabanywamo bateri yambere (idashobora kwishyurwa) na bateri ya kabiri (ishobora kwishyurwa ubudahwema). Iyanyuma irakenewe cyane mubukungu mubikorwa birebire, kabone niyo utekereza kubushobozi. Bateri ya aside-aside yakoreshejwe bwa mbere, kandi bateri ya lithium yo kubika ifatwa nka bateri nshya. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko butanga ingufu nyinshi nubuzima buramba, bivuze ko bikwiranye nibisabwa birebire, hamwe nuburemere bwinshi nibisabwa byihuse.

Tutitaye kuri izo nyungu, abashakashatsi ntiberekanye ibimenyetso byerekana ko batanyuzwe. Mu myaka yashize, ibishushanyo byinshi nubushakashatsi byibanze ku kunoza imikorere ya bateri yo kubika lithium kugirango itezimbere ikoreshwa ryinyanja. Ibi birimo imiti mvaruganda ya electrode hamwe na electrolytite yahinduwe kugirango wirinde umuriro nubushyuhe bwumuriro.

Guhitamo bateri ya lithium

Hariho ibintu byinshi biranga gusuzuma mugihe uhitamo bateri yo kubika lithium yububiko bwa sisitemu yo kubika marine. Ubushobozi nibisobanuro byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo kugabanya ububiko bwamazi yo mu nyanja. Igena ingufu zishobora kubika hanyuma hanyuma, ingano yimirimo ishobora kubyazwa umusaruro mbere yo kuyishyuza.Ibi nibintu byingenzi byashushanyijemo mubisabwa bigenda aho ubushobozi buteganya urugendo cyangwa intera ubwato bushobora kugenda. Mu rwego rwo mu nyanja, aho usanga umwanya ari muto, ni ngombwa kubona bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi. Batteri zifite ingufu nyinshi zoroshye kandi zoroheje, zifite akamaro kanini kumato aho umwanya nuburemere biri hejuru.

Umuvuduko nu bipimo byubu nabyo ni ibintu byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo bateri zo kubika lithium yo kubika ingufu zo mu nyanja. Ibi bisobanuro byerekana uburyo bateri ishobora kwihuta no gusohora, nibyingenzi mubisabwa aho ingufu zishobora guhinduka vuba.

Ni ngombwa guhitamo bateri yagenewe cyane cyane gukoresha marine. Ibidukikije byo mu nyanja birakaze, hamwe n’amazi yumunyu, ubushuhe, nubushuhe bukabije. Ububiko bwa lithium yabitswe yagenewe gukoreshwa mu nyanja mubisanzwe bizagaragaramo kutirinda amazi no kurwanya ruswa, kimwe nibindi bintu nko kurwanya kunyeganyega no kurwanya ihungabana kugirango habeho imikorere yizewe mubihe bitoroshye.

Umutekano wumuriro nawo ni ngombwa. Mubikorwa byo mu nyanja, hari umwanya muto wo kubika bateri kandi umuriro uwo ari wo wose ukwirakwira bishobora gutuma imyuka yubumara irekurwa kandi ikangirika cyane. Ingamba zo kwishyiriraho zirashobora gufatwa kugirango ugabanye ikwirakwizwa. RoyPow, uruganda rukora batiri ya lithium-ion yo mu Bushinwa, ni urugero rumwe aho ibyuma bizimya mikoro byubatswe bishyirwa mu gipapuro cya batiri. Ibyo kuzimya bikorwa hakoreshejwe ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi cyangwa mugutwika umurongo wumuriro. Ibi bizakora moteri ya aerosol yangiza imiti ikonjesha ikoresheje redox reaction ikayikwirakwiza kugirango izimye umuriro mbere yuko ikwirakwira. Ubu buryo nibyiza kubikorwa byihuse, bikwiranye nubutaka bworoshye nka bateri yo kubika marine.

Umutekano n'ibisabwa

Imikoreshereze ya bateri yububiko bwa lithium kubikoresho byo mu nyanja iragenda yiyongera, ariko umutekano ugomba kuba uwambere kugirango umenye neza igishushanyo mbonera. Batteri ya Litiyumu irashobora kwibasirwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe n’umuriro iyo bidakozwe neza, cyane cyane mubidukikije bikabije byo mu nyanja hamwe n’amazi yumunyu nubushuhe bwinshi. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, hashyizweho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO. Kimwe muri ibyo bipimo ni ISO / TS 23625, itanga umurongo ngenderwaho muguhitamo no gushyiramo bateri ya lithium mubisabwa mumazi. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana igishushanyo cya batiri, kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, no kugenzura ibisabwa kugirango barebe ko bateri iramba kandi ikora neza. Byongeye kandi, ISO 19848-1 itanga ubuyobozi kubijyanye no gupima no gukora za bateri, harimo na batiri yo kubika lithium, mubisabwa mu nyanja.

ISO 26262 igira kandi uruhare runini mu mutekano w’imikorere ya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi na elegitoronike mu bwato bwo mu nyanja, kimwe n’ibindi binyabiziga. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bitegeka ko sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) igomba kuba yarateguwe kugirango itange umuburo ugaragara cyangwa wunvikana kubakoresha mugihe bateri ifite ingufu nke, mubindi bisabwa mumutekano. Mugihe gukurikiza amahame ya ISO kubushake, kubahiriza aya mabwiriza biteza umutekano, gukora neza, no kuramba kwa sisitemu ya batiri.

Incamake

Ububiko bwa lithium yo kubika burimo kugaragara byihuse nkigisubizo cyatoranijwe cyo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mu nyanja kubera ubwinshi bwingufu zacyo hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kubaho mugihe gikenewe. Izi bateri zirahuzagurika kandi zirashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byo mu nyanja, uhereye kumashanyarazi yubwato kugeza gutanga ingufu zokugarura sisitemu zo kugendana.Ikindi kandi, iterambere rihoraho rya sisitemu nshya ya batiri ryagura uburyo bushoboka bushobora gushiramo ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu nyanja kandi ibindi bidukikije bigoye. Iyemezwa rya batiri yo kubika lithium mu nganda zo mu nyanja biteganijwe ko igabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guhindura ibikoresho no gutwara abantu.