Pazaka 50 zapitazi, pakhala kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi maola 25,300 a terawatt m'chaka cha 2021. Ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale 4.0, pali kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Ziwerengerozi zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, osaphatikizira zofunikira zamphamvu zamagawo a mafakitale ndi ena azachuma. Kusintha kwa mafakitale komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kumaphatikizana ndi kusintha kwanyengo chifukwa cha mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Pakali pano, malo ambiri opangira magetsi ndi malo opangira magetsi amadalira kwambiri magwero amafuta (mafuta ndi gasi) kuti akwaniritse zofuna zotere. Zovuta zanyengo izi zimaletsa kupanga mphamvu zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito njira wamba. Choncho, kupanga njira zosungiramo mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso zodalirika zakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zodalirika zimachokera kuzinthu zowonjezereka.
Gawo lamagetsi layankha posinthira ku mphamvu zowonjezera kapena "zobiriwira" zothetsera. Kusinthako kwathandizidwa ndi njira zopangira zopangira bwino, zomwe zimatsogolera mwachitsanzo kupanga bwino kwambiri masamba opangira mphepo. Komanso, ofufuza atha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya maselo a photovoltaic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu pa malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu 2021, magetsi opangidwa kuchokera ku magwero a solar photovoltaic (PV) adakula kwambiri, kufika pa 179 TWh ndikuyimira kukula kwa 22% poyerekeza ndi 2020. Ukadaulo wa Solar PV tsopano umapanga 3.6% yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo pakali pano ndi yachitatu kukula kwamagetsi. gwero la mphamvu pambuyo pa hydropower ndi mphepo.
Komabe, zopambanazi sizimathetsa zovuta zina zamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa, makamaka kupezeka. Zambiri mwa njirazi sizimapanga mphamvu zomwe zimafunidwa ngati malo opangira malasha ndi mafuta. Zotulutsa mphamvu zadzuwa mwachitsanzo zimapezeka tsiku lonse ndikusiyana malinga ndi ngodya za kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mawonekedwe a PV panel. Sichitha kupanga mphamvu iliyonse usiku pamene kutulutsa kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri m'nyengo yachisanu ndi masiku amitambo kwambiri. Mphamvu yamphepo imavutika komanso kusinthasintha malinga ndi liwiro la mphepo. Chifukwa chake, mayankhowa akuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi makina osungira mphamvu kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi pakanthawi kochepa.
Kodi makina osungira mphamvu ndi chiyani?
Njira zosungiramo mphamvu zimatha kusunga mphamvu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Nthawi zina, padzakhala mtundu wa kutembenuka kwa mphamvu pakati pa mphamvu zosungidwa ndi mphamvu zoperekedwa. Chitsanzo chofala kwambiri ndi mabatire amagetsi monga mabatire a lithiamu-ion kapena mabatire a lead-acid. Amapereka mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera m'machitidwe amankhwala pakati pa ma elekitirodi ndi ma electrolyte.
Mabatire, kapena BESS (mabatire osungira mphamvu) amayimira njira yodziwika kwambiri yosungira mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Njira zina zosungirako zilipo monga zopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe amasintha mphamvu yamadzi yosungidwa mu damu kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Madzi akugwa amatembenuza gudumu la turbine yomwe imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Chitsanzo china ndi gasi woponderezedwa, akamasulidwa mpweyawo udzatembenuza gudumu la mphamvu yopangira turbine.
Chomwe chimalekanitsa mabatire ndi njira zina zosungirako ndi malo omwe angagwire ntchito. Kuchokera pazida zing'onozing'ono ndi magetsi apagalimoto kupita kuzinthu zapakhomo ndi minda yayikulu yoyendera dzuwa, mabatire amatha kuphatikizidwa mosasunthika ku pulogalamu iliyonse yosungirako popanda gridi. Kumbali ina, mphamvu ya hydropower ndi njira zoponderezedwa za mpweya zimafunikira zida zazikulu komanso zovuta zosungirako. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zomwe zimafuna ntchito zazikulu kwambiri kuti zikhale zomveka.
Gwiritsani ntchito makina osungira opanda grid.
Monga tanena kale, makina osungira osagwiritsa ntchito gridi amatha kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kudalira njira zamagetsi zongowonjezedwanso monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Komabe, pali ntchito zina zomwe zingapindule kwambiri ndi machitidwe otere
Ma gridi amagetsi am'mizinda amayang'ana kuti apereke kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kutengera kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mzinda uliwonse. Mphamvu yofunikira imatha kusinthasintha tsiku lonse. Makina osungira osagwiritsa ntchito gridi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse kusinthasintha ndikupereka kukhazikika pakafunika kwambiri. Kuchokera kumalingaliro ena, makina osungiramo gridi amatha kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri kubweza vuto lililonse losayembekezereka mu gridi yayikulu yamagetsi kapena panthawi yokonza. Atha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi popanda kufunafuna njira zina zamagetsi. Wina angatchule mwachitsanzo mkuntho wa ayezi waku Texas koyambirira kwa February 2023 womwe unasiya anthu pafupifupi 262 000 opanda mphamvu, pomwe kukonzanso kunachedwetsedwa chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta.
Magalimoto amagetsi ndi ntchito ina. Ofufuza ayesetsa kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kupanga mabatire ndi kuyitanitsa / kutulutsa njira kuti athe kukulitsa moyo wa mabatire ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion akhala patsogolo pa kusintha kwakung'ono kumeneku ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto atsopano amagetsi komanso mabasi amagetsi. Mabatire abwinoko pankhaniyi atha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mtunda wokulirapo komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yolipirira ndi umisiri woyenera.
Kupita patsogolo kwina kwaukadaulo monga ma UAV ndi maloboti am'manja apindula kwambiri ndikukula kwa batri. Kumeneko njira zoyendayenda ndi njira zowongolera zimadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya batri ndi mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa.
Kodi BESS ndi chiyani
BESS kapena batire mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu ndi njira yosungirako mphamvu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga mphamvu. Mphamvuzi zitha kubwera kuchokera ku gridi yayikulu kapena kuchokera ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa monga mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu yadzuwa. Zimapangidwa ndi mabatire angapo omwe amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana (mndandanda/kufanana) ndi makulidwe malinga ndi zofunikira. Amalumikizidwa ndi inverter yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthira mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. Dongosolo loyang'anira batire (BMS) limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira momwe batire ilili komanso momwe ikuyitanitsa / kutulutsa.
Poyerekeza ndi makina ena osungira mphamvu, amatha kutha kuyika / kulumikizana ndipo safuna malo okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma amabwerabe pamtengo wokwanira ndipo amafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi kutengera kagwiritsidwe ntchito.
BESS makulidwe ndi machitidwe ogwiritsa ntchito
Mfundo yofunika kuigwira mukayika makina osungira mphamvu ya batri ndi kukula kwake. Ndi mabatire angati omwe amafunikira? Ndi kasinthidwe kotani? Nthawi zina, mtundu wa batri utha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakapita nthawi pakuchepetsa mtengo komanso kuchita bwino.
Izi zimachitika mwachisawawa chifukwa ntchito zimatha kuchokera ku mabanja ang'onoang'ono kupita ku mafakitale akuluakulu.
Mphamvu yowonjezereka yowonjezereka kwa mabanja ang'onoang'ono, makamaka m'madera akumidzi, ndi dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma photovoltaic panels. Kaŵirikaŵiri injiniya amalingalira za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito m’nyumbamo ndikuyang’anira mphamvu ya dzuŵa chaka chonse pa malo enieniwo. Chiwerengero cha mabatire ndi makonzedwe a gululi amasankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zofuna zapakhomo panthawi yomwe mphamvu ya dzuwa imakhala yotsika kwambiri m'chaka, osati kukhetsa mabatire. Izi zikungotengera yankho kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zodziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku gridi yayikulu.
Kusunga mtengo wocheperako kapena kusatulutsa mabatire kwathunthu ndichinthu chomwe chingakhale chotsutsa poyamba. Kupatula apo, bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito makina osungira ngati sitingathe kuuchotsa mokwanira? Mwachidziwitso ndizotheka, koma sizingakhale njira yomwe imachulukitsa kubweza ndalama.
Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za BESS ndi kukwera mtengo kwa mabatire. Chifukwa chake, kusankha chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito kapena njira yolipirira / kutulutsa yomwe imakulitsa moyo wa batri ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire a asidi otsogolera sangathe kutulutsidwa pansi pa 50% mphamvu popanda kuvutika ndi kuwonongeka kosasinthika. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Atha kutulutsidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito magulu akuluakulu, koma izi zimabwera pamtengo wokwera mtengo. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwamitengo pakati pa mafakitole osiyanasiyana, mabatire a asidi a lead amatha kukhala mazana mpaka masauzande a madola otsika mtengo kuposa batire ya lithiamu-ion yofanana kukula kwake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mabatire a lead acid ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa m'maiko a 3rd padziko lonse lapansi komanso madera osauka.
Kuchita kwa batri kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka panthawi ya moyo wake, alibe ntchito yokhazikika yomwe imatha ndi kulephera mwadzidzidzi. M'malo mwake, mphamvu ndi zoperekedwa zimatha kuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono. M'machitidwe, moyo wa batri umawoneka kuti watha pomwe mphamvu yake ifika 80% ya mphamvu yake yoyambirira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pamene akukumana ndi 20% mphamvu zimatha. Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zimatha kuperekedwa. Izi zitha kukhudza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina odziyimira pawokha komanso kuchuluka kwa ma mileage omwe EV angafikire.
Mfundo ina yofunika kuiganizira ndi chitetezo. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kupanga ndi luso lamakono, mabatire aposachedwa akhala okhazikika pamankhwala. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi kuzunzidwa kwa mbiri yakale, maselo amatha kupita kumalo otentha omwe angayambitse zotsatira zoopsa ndipo nthawi zina amaika moyo wa ogula pangozi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani apanga pulogalamu yabwino yowunikira batire (BMS) kuti azitha kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka batri komanso kuyang'anira momwe thanzi likuyendera kuti athe kukonza nthawi yake ndikupewa zotsatira zoyipa.
Mapeto
Mwa makina osungiramo magetsi a gridi amapereka mwayi waukulu wopeza ufulu wodziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku gridi yayikulu komanso amaperekanso gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi panthawi yopumira komanso nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kupititsa patsogolo kumeneko kungathandize kusintha kwa magetsi obiriwira, motero kuchepetsa zotsatira za kutulutsa mphamvu pa kusintha kwa nyengo pamene akukwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Makina osungira mphamvu za batri ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso osavuta kuwakonza pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana atsiku ndi tsiku. Kusinthasintha kwawo kwakukulu kumayendetsedwa ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zowunikira kuti atalikitse moyo wawo momwe angathere. Pakalipano, mafakitale ndi maphunziro akutsanulira khama lalikulu kuti afufuze ndikumvetsetsa kuwonongeka kwa batri pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
