Kodi mabatire a ngolo ya gofu amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji

Tangoganizani kupeza dzenje lanu loyamba, ndikupeza kuti muyenera kunyamula zibonga zanu za gofu kupita kubowo lina chifukwa mabatire a ngolo ya gofu afa. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti mtima ukhale m'malo. Magalimoto ena a gofu amakhala ndi injini yaying'ono yamafuta pomwe mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito ma mota amagetsi. Zotsirizirazi ndi zokonda zachilengedwe, zosavuta kuzisamalira, komanso zabata. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ngolo za gofu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayunivesite ndi malo akuluakulu, osati pa bwalo la gofu.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi batire yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira momwe ngolo yake ikuyendera komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Batire iliyonse imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya moyo kutengera mtundu wa chemistry ndi confguraton yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Wogula angakonde kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe ungatheke ndi kukonzanso kochepa komwe kumafunikira. Zachidziwikire, izi sizingakhale zotsika mtengo, ndipo kugwirizana ndikofunikira. Ndikofunikiranso kusiyanitsa pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito batri kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali.

Kodi batireyo ikhala yotalika zingati pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kumatanthauzidwa kukhala ma kilomita angati omwe ngolo ya gofu ingathe kunyamula isanadzazenso batire. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kumasonyeza kuti ndi maulendo angati othamangitsira-charging omwe angathandizire batire isanawonongeke ndi kulephera. Kuti muwerenge motsatira, dongosolo lamagetsi ndi mtundu wa mabatire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kuganiziridwa.

Makina amagetsi agalimoto ya gofu

Kuti mudziwe kuti mabatire a gofu amatha nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndikofunikira kuganizira zamagetsi omwe batire ili mbali yake. Dongosolo lamagetsi limapangidwa ndi injini yamagetsi ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi paketi ya batri yopangidwa ndi ma cell a batri mumasinthidwe osiyanasiyana. Ma motors amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a gofu amavotera 36 volts kapena 48 volts.

Nthawi zambiri, ma motors ambiri amagetsi amatha kujambula kulikonse pakati pa 50-70 amps akamathamanga pa liwiro lodziwika bwino la 15 mailosi pa ola limodzi. Izi ndizongoyerekeza kwambiri chifukwa pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa injini. Mtundu wa mtunda ndi matayala ogwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu zamagalimoto, ndi kulemera kwake kungakhudze katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini. Kuphatikiza apo, zofunikira zonyamula zimachulukira pakuyambitsa injini komanso pakuthamanga poyerekeza ndi momwe amayendera. Zinthu zonsezi zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa injini kukhala kosavuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri, batire yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imakhala yokulirapo (chitetezo chachitetezo) pafupifupi 20% kuti iteteze ku zinthu zomwe zikufunika kwambiri.

Zofunikira izi zimakhudza kusankha kwa mtundu wa batri. Batire iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira kuti ipereke mtunda waukulu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Iyeneranso kupirira kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi. Zina zomwe zimafunidwa ndi monga kulemera kochepa kwa mapaketi a batri, kutha kulipira mwachangu, komanso zofunikira zocheperako.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso mwadzidzidzi kwa katundu wambiri kumafupikitsa moyo wa mabatire mosasamala kanthu za chemistry. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusinthasintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zabubundundundundundundundumwejojojojoso Kiba ukwenza ukwenzanisonisonisonisonisowu kwo kutsinwannapyawushoniwulini chithunzithunzithunzi chandalama'

Mitundu ya batri

Kuphatikiza pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito injini, mtundu wa chemistry ya batri udzakuuzani nthawi yayitali bwanjibatire ya gofuzidzakhalitsa. Pali mabatire ambiri pamsika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyendetsa ngolo za gofu. Mapaketi ambiri amakhala ndi mabatire ovotera 6V, 8V, ndi 12V. Mtundu wa kasinthidwe ka paketi ndi ma cell omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatengera kuchuluka kwa paketiyo. Pali ma khemistri osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka, makamaka: mabatire a lead-acid, mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ndi AGM lead-acid.

Mabatire a lead-acid

Ndiwo mtundu wa batire wotchipa kwambiri komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika. Amakhala ndi moyo woyembekezeka wa zaka 2-5, zofanana ndi 500-1200 cycle. Izi zimatengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito; Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuthira pansi pa 50% ya mphamvu ya batri ndipo osatsika ndi 20% ya mphamvu yonse chifukwa imapangitsa kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa ma elekitirodi. Choncho, mphamvu zonse za batri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa mlingo womwewo, mabatire a lead-acid angapereke mtunda waufupi poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mabatire.

Ali ndi mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi mabatire ena. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, paketi ya batri ya mabatire a lead acid idzakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yofanana ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Izi zikuwononga mphamvu yamagetsi a ngolo ya gofu. Ayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, makamaka powonjezera madzi osungunuka kuti asunge mulingo wa electrolyte.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lead-acid koma pazifukwa zolondola. Ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamphamvu kutanthauza kuti ndi opepuka, amathanso kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuthamanga kwambiri pakuyendetsa ndi poyambira. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amatha kukhala pakati pa zaka 10 mpaka 20 kutengera njira yolipirira, kagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso kasamalidwe ka batri. Ubwino wina ndikutha kutulutsa pafupifupi 100% ndikuwonongeka kochepa poyerekeza ndi asidi wotsogolera. Komabe, gawo lovomerezeka la kutulutsa limakhalabe 80-20% ya mphamvu yonse.

Mtengo wawo wokwera ukadali wokhotakhota kwa ngolo zazing'ono kapena zotsika gofu. Kuonjezera apo, amatha kuthawa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lead-acid chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuthawira kotentha kumatha kuchitika ngati munthu wawonongeka kwambiri kapena kuzunzidwa, monga kugunda ngolo ya gofu. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mabatire a lead-acid sapereka chitetezo ngati kutentha kwatha, pomwe mabatire a lithiamu-ion amakhala ndi makina owongolera batire omwe amatha kuteteza batire kuthawa kuyambika kwa matenthedwe nthawi zina.

Kudziyimitsa pawokha kumathanso kuchitika pomwe batire ikuwonongeka. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka komwe kulipo komanso mtunda wokwanira wotheka pangolo ya gofu. Njirayi imachedwa kukula ndi nthawi yokulirapo. Pa mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amatha kuzungulira 3000-5000, ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuwona ndikusintha paketi ya batri pokhapokha kuwonongeka kupitilira malire ovomerezeka.

Mabatire ozama a lithiamu iron phosphate (LiFePO4) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ngolo za gofu. Mabatirewa amapangidwa makamaka kuti azipereka zotulukapo zokhazikika komanso zodalirika. Chemistry ya lithiamu iron phosphate (LiFePO4) yafufuzidwa mozama ndipo ili m'gulu lamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi lithiamu-ion battery chemistries. Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wa mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate ndikuwonjezera kwawo chitetezo. Kugwiritsa ntchito chemistry ya LiFePO4 kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuthawa kwamafuta chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwa lithiamu iron phosphate, poganiza kuti palibe kuwonongeka kwachindunji kwakuthupi komwe kunachitika.

Kuzama kwa lithiamu iron phosphate kumawonetsa zinthu zina zofunika. Amakhala ndi moyo wautali wozungulira, kutanthauza kuti amatha kupirira kuchuluka kwa zolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa ziwonetsero asanawonetse zizindikiro zakuwonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri akafika pazofuna mphamvu zambiri. Amatha kuthana bwino ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi komwe kumafunikira pakuthamanga kapena zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri amakumana nazo pakugwiritsa ntchito ngolofu. Makhalidwewa ndi okongola kwambiri pamangolo a gofu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

AGM

AGM imayimira mabatire agalasi omwe amalowetsedwa. Ndi mitundu yosindikizidwa ya mabatire a lead-acid, electrolyte (acid) imatengedwa ndikusungidwa mkati mwa cholekanitsa magalasi, chomwe chimayikidwa pakati pa mbale za batri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kuti batire isatayike, chifukwa ma electrolyte samayenda bwino ndipo sangathe kuyenda momasuka ngati mabatire amtundu wa lead-acid okhala ndi kusefukira. Amafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono ndikulipiritsa mwachangu kuwirikiza kasanu kuposa mabatire wamba a asidi otsogolera. Batire yamtunduwu imatha mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Mapeto

Mwachidule, mabatire a ngolo ya gofu amalamula momwe ngolo ya gofu ikuyendera, makamaka mtunda wake. Ndikofunikira kuyerekeza kuti batire ya ngolo ya gofu ikhala nthawi yayitali bwanji pokonzekera kukonza ndi kuganizira. Mabatire a lithiamu ion amapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri komanso moyo wautali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yodziwika bwino pamsika monga lead-acid. Mtengo wawo wofananira, komabe, ukhoza kukhala wopinga kwambiri kuti akhazikike pamangolo otsika mtengo a gofu. Makasitomala amadalira pamenepa kukulitsa moyo wa batire ya asidi wotsogola ndikuwongolera moyenera ndikuyembekeza kusintha kangapo kwa mapaketi a batire pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa ngolo ya gofu.