Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri pamakina osungira mphamvu zam'madzi

Mawu Oyamba

Pamene dziko likusintha njira zothetsera mphamvu zobiriwira, mabatire a lithiamu apeza chidwi. Ngakhale kuti magalimoto amagetsi akhala akuyang'ana kwa zaka zopitirira khumi, kuthekera kwa magetsi osungira mphamvu zamagetsi m'mabwalo apanyanja sikunalandiridwe. Komabe, pakhala kuchulukirachulukira pakufufuza komwe kumayang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mabatire a lithiamu ndi kulipiritsa ma protocol pamaboti osiyanasiyana. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion phosphate deep cycle pankhaniyi ndi okongola kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo, kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, komanso moyo wautali wozungulira molingana ndi zofunikira zamakasitomala apanyanja.

Pamene kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabatire a lithiamu osungirako kukukulirakulira, momwemonso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo kuonetsetsa chitetezo. ISO/TS 23625 ndi imodzi mwamalamulo otere omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kusankha batire, kukhazikitsa, ndi chitetezo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu, makamaka zokhudzana ndi zoopsa zamoto.

Machitidwe osungira mphamvu za m'madzi

Njira zosungiramo mphamvu zam'madzi zikukhala njira yodziwika bwino m'makampani apanyanja pomwe dziko likupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika komanso lokonda zachilengedwe. Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, machitidwewa amapangidwa kuti asunge mphamvu m'madera a m'nyanja ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuyendetsa zombo ndi mabwato kuti apereke mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wamagetsi osungira mphamvu zam'madzi ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwamphamvu, kudalirika, komanso chitetezo. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amathanso kukonzedwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamphamvu zamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana apanyanja.

Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wamakina osungira mphamvu zam'madzi ndikutha kusintha majenereta a dizilo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion, machitidwewa amatha kupereka mphamvu yodalirika komanso yodalirika yogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo mphamvu zothandizira, kuyatsa, ndi zofunikira zina zamagetsi m'sitima kapena chombo. Kuphatikiza pa mapulogalamuwa, njira zosungiramo mphamvu zam'madzi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupangira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala njira yabwino kuposa injini wamba dizilo. Iwo ali oyenerera makamaka ku zombo zazing'ono zomwe zimagwira ntchito kumalo ochepa.

Ponseponse, njira zosungiramo mphamvu zam'madzi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika komanso labwino pazachilengedwe m'makampani apanyanja.

Ubwino wa mabatire a lithiamu

Ubwino wina wowonekera kwambiri wogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu osungira poyerekeza ndi jenereta ya dizilo ndi kusowa kwa mpweya wapoizoni ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati mabatire ali ndi magetsi oyeretsedwa monga ma solar panels kapena ma turbines amphepo, akhoza kukhala mphamvu yoyera 100%. Zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo pozisamalira ndi zigawo zochepa. Amatulutsa phokoso locheperako, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri pomanga malo pafupi ndi nyumba kapena malo okhala anthu.

Kusungirako Mabatire a Lithium si mtundu wokhawo wa mabatire omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. M'malo mwake, makina a batri am'madzi amatha kugawidwa kukhala mabatire oyambira (omwe sangathe kuyitanidwanso) ndi mabatire apachiwiri (omwe amatha kuwonjezeredwa mosalekeza). Zotsirizirazi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pazachuma pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, ngakhale poganizira kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu. Mabatire a lead-acid adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambilira, ndipo mabatire a lithiamu osungira amatengedwa ngati mabatire omwe angotuluka kumene. Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti amapereka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu komanso moyo wautali, kutanthauza kuti ndizoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, komanso katundu wambiri komanso wothamanga kwambiri.

Mosasamala kanthu za ubwino umenewu, ochita kafukufuku sanasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse zachisangalalo. Kwa zaka zambiri, mapangidwe ndi maphunziro ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mabatire a lithiamu kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yawo yam'madzi. Izi zikuphatikiza kuphatikiza kwamankhwala kwatsopano kwa maelekitirodi ndi ma electrolyte osinthidwa kuti muteteze ku moto ndi kuthawa kwamafuta.

Kusankhidwa kwa batri ya lithiamu

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha mabatire a lithiamu yosungirako m'madzi a lithiamu batire. Mphamvu ndi mfundo yofunika kuiganizira posankha batire yosungiramo mphamvu zam'madzi. Imazindikira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe ingasungire ndipo kenako, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe ingapangidwe isanayambikenso.Iyi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma propulsion application pomwe mphamvu imayang'anira mtunda kapena mtunda womwe boti lingayende. M'malo apanyanja, komwe malo nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa, ndikofunikira kupeza batire yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mabatire amphamvu kwambiri amakhala ophatikizika komanso opepuka, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamabwato pomwe malo ndi kulemera kwake kumakhala kofunikira.

Magetsi ndi mavoti apano ndizofunikanso kuziganizira posankha mabatire a lithiamu osungiramo magetsi osungira mphamvu zam'madzi. Izi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa batri ndi kutulutsa mwachangu, zomwe ndizofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kusiyanasiyana mwachangu.

Ndikofunika kusankha batri yomwe idapangidwira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito panyanja. Malo a m'nyanja ndi ovuta, chifukwa cha madzi amchere, chinyezi, ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mabatire a lithiamu osungira omwe amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito panyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitetezo cham'madzi komanso kukana dzimbiri, komanso zinthu zina monga kukana kugwedezeka komanso kukana kugwedezeka kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito modalirika pazovuta.

Chitetezo pamoto ndichofunikanso kwambiri. M'mapulogalamu apanyanja, pali malo ochepa osungira mabatire ndipo kufalikira kwamoto kulikonse kungayambitse kutulutsa utsi wapoizoni komanso kuwonongeka kwamtengo wapatali. Njira zoyikapo zingatengedwe kuti zichepetse kufalikira. RoyPow, kampani yaku China yopanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi pomwe zozimitsa zazing'ono zomangidwira zimayikidwa mu batire paketi paketi. Zozimitsa izi zimayatsidwa ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi kapena kuwotcha chingwe cha kutentha. Izi zidzatsegula jenereta ya aerosol yomwe imawola choziziritsa kukhosi kudzera mu redox reaction ndikuchifalitsa kuti uzimitse motoyo mwachangu usanafalikire. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri pochitapo kanthu mwachangu, yoyenerera kugwiritsa ntchito malo olimba ngati mabatire a lithiamu.

Chitetezo ndi zofunika

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mabatire a lithiamu osungiramo ntchito zam'madzi kukukulirakulira, koma chitetezo chiyenera kukhala chofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mapangidwe ndi kukhazikitsa moyenera. Mabatire a lithiamu amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwa kutentha komanso ngozi zamoto ngati sizikugwiridwa bwino, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri am'madzi amchere komanso chinyezi chambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, miyezo ndi malamulo a ISO akhazikitsidwa. Imodzi mwamiyezo iyi ndi ISO/TS 23625, yomwe imapereka malangizo pakusankha ndikuyika mabatire a lithiamu pamapulogalamu apanyanja. Muyezo uwu umanena za kapangidwe ka batri, kukhazikitsa, kukonza, ndi kuyang'anira batire kuti zitsimikizire kulimba kwake komanso kugwira ntchito kotetezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, ISO 19848-1 imapereka chitsogozo pakuyesa ndi magwiridwe antchito a mabatire, kuphatikiza mabatire a lithiamu osungira, pamagwiritsidwe am'madzi.

ISO 26262 imatenganso gawo lalikulu pakutetezedwa kwamachitidwe amagetsi ndi zamagetsi mkati mwa zombo zapamadzi, komanso magalimoto ena. Muyezo uwu umalamula kuti makina oyendetsera batire (BMS) ayenera kupangidwa kuti azipereka machenjezo owoneka kapena omveka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito batire ili ndi mphamvu zochepa, pakati pa zofunikira zina zachitetezo. Ngakhale kutsatira mfundo za ISO ndi kufuna kwanu, kutsatira malangizowa kumalimbikitsa chitetezo, mphamvu, komanso moyo wautali wamagetsi amagetsi.

Chidule

Mabatire a lithiamu osungira akutuluka mofulumira ngati njira yosungiramo mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito panyanja chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri komanso moyo wautali pansi pazovuta. Mabatirewa ndi osinthasintha ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zapanyanja, kuchokera kumagetsi oyendetsa mabwato amagetsi kuti apereke mphamvu zothandizira maulendo oyendetsa maulendo. malo ena ovuta. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabatire a lithiamu osungira m'mafakitale am'madzi akuyembekezeka kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndikusintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.