Gabatarwa
Yayin da duniya ke motsawa zuwa hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai kore, batir lithium sun sami ƙarin kulawa.Yayin da motocin lantarki ke cikin hasashe sama da shekaru goma, an yi watsi da yuwuwar tsarin ajiyar makamashin lantarki a cikin saitunan ruwa.Koyaya, an sami karuwar bincike da ke mai da hankali kan inganta amfani da batir lithium ajiya da kuma cajin ka'idoji don aikace-aikacen jirgin ruwa daban-daban.Lithium-ion phosphate zurfin zagayowar baturi a cikin wannan yanayin suna da ban sha'awa musamman saboda yawan ƙarfin kuzarinsu, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, da tsawon rayuwar zagayowar ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun tsarin motsa ruwa na ruwa.
Kamar yadda shigar da batura lithium na ajiya ke ƙaruwa, haka ma aiwatar da ka'idoji don tabbatar da aminci.ISO/TS 23625 ɗaya ce irin wannan ƙa'ida wacce ke mai da hankali kan zaɓin baturi, shigarwa, da aminci.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa aminci yana da mahimmanci idan ana maganar amfani da batir lithium, musamman game da haɗarin wuta.
Tsarin ajiyar makamashi na ruwa
Tsarin ajiyar makamashin ruwa yana zama mafi shaharar mafita a cikin masana'antar ruwa yayin da duniya ke motsawa zuwa gaba mai dorewa da yanayin yanayi.Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, an tsara waɗannan tsarin ne don adana makamashi a cikin magudanar ruwa kuma ana iya amfani da su don dalilai daban-daban, tun daga tura jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa zuwa samar da wutar lantarki idan akwai gaggawa.
Mafi yawan nau'in tsarin ajiyar makamashi na ruwa shine baturin lithium-ion, saboda yawan kuzarinsa, aminci, da aminci.Hakanan ana iya keɓanta batir lithium-ion don biyan takamaiman buƙatun wutar lantarki na aikace-aikacen ruwa daban-daban.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin tsarin ajiyar makamashin ruwa shine ikonsu na maye gurbin injinan diesel.Ta hanyar amfani da batura lithium-ion, waɗannan tsarin na iya ba da ingantaccen tushen wutar lantarki mai dorewa don aikace-aikace iri-iri.Wannan ya haɗa da ƙarfin taimako, walƙiya, da sauran buƙatun lantarki a cikin jirgi ko jirgin ruwa.Baya ga waɗannan aikace-aikacen, ana kuma iya amfani da na'urorin ajiyar makamashin ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki, wanda zai zama madadin injunan diesel na yau da kullun.Sun dace musamman ga ƙananan tasoshin da ke aiki a cikin iyakataccen yanki.
Gabaɗaya, tsarin ajiyar makamashin ruwa shine muhimmin sashi na sauye-sauye zuwa makoma mai dorewa da yanayin muhalli a cikin masana'antar ruwa.
Amfanin batirin lithium
Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin amfani da batir lithium mai ajiya idan aka kwatanta da janareta na diesel shine rashin hayaki mai guba da gurɓataccen iska.Idan ana cajin batura ta amfani da tushe mai tsabta kamar hasken rana ko injin turbin iska, zai iya zama makamashi mai tsabta 100%.Hakanan ba su da tsada ta fuskar kulawa tare da ƙarancin abubuwan da aka gyara.Suna haifar da ƙaramar hayaniya sosai, yana mai da su dacewa don tashar jiragen ruwa kusa da wuraren zama ko jama'a.
Ma'ajiyar baturi Lithium ba shine kawai nau'in batura da za'a iya amfani da su ba.A haƙiƙa, ana iya raba tsarin batir na ruwa zuwa batura na farko (waɗanda ba za a iya caji su ba) da batura na biyu (waɗanda za a iya ci gaba da caji).Ƙarshen yana da fa'ida ta tattalin arziki a cikin aikace-aikacen dogon lokaci, koda lokacin la'akari da lalacewar iya aiki.An fara amfani da baturan gubar-acid, kuma ana ɗaukar batir lithium na ajiya sabbin batura masu tasowa.Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa suna samar da makamashi mai yawa da kuma tsawon rai, ma'ana sun fi dacewa da aikace-aikace na dogon lokaci, da babban kaya da buƙatu masu sauri.
Ko da kuwa waɗannan fa'idodin, masu bincike ba su nuna alamun rashin gamsuwa ba.A cikin shekaru da yawa, ƙira da bincike da yawa sun mayar da hankali kan haɓaka aikin batura lithium na ajiya don haɓaka aikace-aikacen ruwa.Wannan ya haɗa da sabbin haɗaɗɗun sinadarai don wayoyin lantarki da gyare-gyaren electrolytes don kiyaye gobara da gudu masu zafi.
Zaɓin baturin lithium
Akwai halaye da yawa da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar batir lithium na ajiya don tsarin batir lithium ma'ajiyar ruwa.Ƙarfi muhimmin ƙayyadaddun bayanai ne da za a yi la'akari da shi lokacin zaɓen abattery don ajiyar makamashin ruwa.Yana ƙayyade adadin kuzarin da zai iya adanawa sannan daga baya, adadin aikin da za'a iya samarwa kafin a sake caji shi.Wannan sigar ƙirar ƙira ce a cikin aikace-aikacen motsa jiki inda ƙarfin ke nuna nisan nisan da jirgin zai iya tafiya.A cikin mahallin ruwa, inda sarari ke yawan iyakancewa, yana da mahimmanci a sami baturi mai yawan kuzari.Batura masu ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi sun fi ƙanƙanta da nauyi, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman akan kwale-kwale inda sarari da nauyi ke kan ƙima.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙididdiga na yanzu ma mahimman bayanai ne da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar batir lithium na ajiya don tsarin ajiyar makamashin ruwa.Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna ƙayyade saurin yadda baturin zai iya yin caji da fitarwa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace inda buƙatun wuta na iya bambanta da sauri.
Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi baturi wanda aka ƙera musamman don amfani da ruwa.Wurin ruwa yana da tsauri, tare da fallasa ruwan gishiri, zafi, da matsanancin zafi.Ma'ajiyar baturan lithium waɗanda aka ƙera don amfani da ruwa za su kasance yawanci suna nuna kariya ta ruwa da juriya na lalata, da kuma wasu fasalulluka kamar juriyar rawar jiki da juriyar girgiza don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayi mai wahala.
Tsaron wuta yana da mahimmanci.A cikin aikace-aikacen ruwa, akwai iyakataccen adadin sarari don ajiyar baturi kuma duk wani yaduwar wuta zai iya haifar da sakin hayaki mai guba da kuma lalacewa mai tsada.Ana iya ɗaukar matakan shigarwa don iyakance yaduwar.RoyPow, kamfanin kera batirin lithium-ion na kasar Sin, misali daya ne inda aka sanya injunan kashewa a cikin firam ɗin baturi.Ana kunna waɗannan na'urori ta hanyar siginar lantarki ko ta ƙone layin zafi.Wannan zai kunna janareta na aerosol wanda sinadarai yana lalata na'urar sanyaya ta hanyar redox dauki kuma ya yada shi don kashe wutar da sauri kafin ta yada.Wannan hanyar ita ce manufa don saurin shiga tsakani, wanda ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya kamar batirin lithium ma'ajiyar ruwa.
Tsaro da bukatun
Yin amfani da batir lithium mai ajiya don aikace-aikacen ruwa yana ƙaruwa, amma aminci dole ne ya zama babban fifiko don tabbatar da ƙira da shigarwa daidai.Batirin lithium yana da rauni ga guduwar zafi da kuma haɗarin wuta idan ba a kula da su daidai ba, musamman a cikin matsanancin yanayin ruwa tare da bayyanar ruwan gishiri da zafi mai yawa.Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, an kafa ƙa'idodin ISO da ƙa'idodi.Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin shine ISO/TS 23625, wanda ke ba da ƙa'idodin zaɓi da shigar da batir lithium a aikace-aikacen ruwa.Wannan ma'auni yana ƙayyadaddun ƙirar baturi, shigarwa, kulawa, da buƙatun sa ido don tabbatar da dorewar batirin da amintaccen aiki.Hakanan, ISO 19848-1 yana ba da jagora kan gwaji da aikin batura, gami da batir lithium ajiya, a aikace-aikacen ruwa.
TS EN ISO 26262 Hakanan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin amincin aikin lantarki da tsarin lantarki a cikin jiragen ruwa, da sauran motocin.Wannan ma'auni yana ba da umarni cewa dole ne a tsara tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS) don samar da faɗakarwa na gani ko ji ga mai aiki lokacin da baturi ya yi rauni, a tsakanin sauran buƙatun aminci.Yayin da bin ƙa'idodin ISO na son rai ne, bin waɗannan ƙa'idodin yana haɓaka aminci, inganci, da tsawon rayuwar tsarin baturi.
Takaitawa
Ma'ajiyar baturan lithium suna fitowa da sauri a matsayin mafita na ajiyar makamashi da aka fi so don aikace-aikacen ruwa saboda yawan kuzarinsu da tsawon rayuwarsu a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu buƙata.Wadannan batura suna da yawa kuma za'a iya amfani da su don aikace-aikacen ruwa da yawa, daga sarrafa jiragen ruwa na lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki don tsarin kewayawa.Bugu da ƙari, ci gaba da ci gaba da sababbin tsarin batir yana fadada kewayon aikace-aikacen da za a iya amfani da su don haɗawa da bincike mai zurfi da zurfin teku. sauran mahalli masu kalubale.Ana sa ran ɗaukar batir lithium da aka adana a cikin masana'antar ruwa zai rage hayakin iskar gas da kuma kawo sauyi kan dabaru da sufuri.
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